AAB Molecular Diagnostics- Final Exam [100% PASS] /verified/

AAB Molecular Diagnostics- Final Exam [100% PASS] /verified/ Nucleic Acid *Ans* grows by attachment of 5' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide to the 3'hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide double stranded DNA *Ans* most energetically favorable state for DNA Purines *Ans* double-ring structure Adenine (A) + Guanine (G) Pyrimidine *Ans* single-ring structure Uracil (U)+ Cytosine Messenger RNA (mRNA) *Ans* -template for all protein synthesis -encode all information necessary to produce proteins Heterogeneous nuclear RNA *Ans* primary product of transcription with introns & exons Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) *Ans* -non-coding RNA -component of the ribosomes, the protein synthetic factories in the cell -Eukaryotes ribosomes contain 2 subunits (60Ss & 40s) Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) *Ans* functions in eukaryotic splicing microRNA (miRNA) *Ans* single-stranded RNA involved in transcriptional regulation Catalytic RNA *Ans* 4 base RNA strands capable of catalyzing chemical reactions small interfering RNA (siRNA) *Ans* functional intermediates of RNA interference small activating RNA (saRNA) *Ans* double-stranded RNA that induces gene expression at transcriptional level, a phenomenon named small RNA induced gene activation (RNAa) DNA ligase *Ans* joins DNA fragments formed by discontinuous synthesis in DNA replication or by DNA repair pathways Nucleases *Ans* -"digest" nucleic acid molecules by breaking phosphodiester bonds -may be single or double stranded, DNA, RNA, or RNA specificity -have nuclease activity Endonucleases *Ans* digest nucleic acids from/in the middle of the molecule Exonucleases *Ans* digest nucleic acids beginning at a free-end and may require a 3' or 5' end