NSG 6005 midterm (pharmacology)_well Updated Correct Questions and Answers 100% A+ Graded

NSG 6005 midterm (pharmacology)_well Updated Correct Questions and Answers 100% A+ Graded The major reason for not crushing a sustained release capsule is that, if crushed, the coated beads of the drugs could possibly result in: o Disintegration o Toxicity o Malabsorption o Deterioration - CORRECT ANSWER-o Toxicity Drugs that have a significant first pass effect: o Must be given by enteral (oral) route only o Bypass the hepatic circulation o Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action o Are converted by the liver to more active in fat-soluble forms - CORRECT ANSWER-o Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action When obtaining a drug history from Harold, he gives you a complete list of his prescription medications. He denies taking any other drugs, but you find that he occasionally takes aspirin for his arthritis flare-ups. This is an example of: o His appropriately only telling you about his regularly prescribed medications o His hiding information regarding his inappropriate use of aspirin from you o His common misconception that intermittently taking OTC medications are not an important part of his drug history o A common misuse of OTC aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER-o His common misconception that intermittently taking OTC medications are not an important part of his drug history Drugs that use CYP3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may: o Induce the metabolism of another drug o Inhibit the metabolism of another drug o Both A and B o Neither A nor B - CORRECT ANSWER-o Both A and B A twenty four year old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for Type ____ ADR when he no longer requires the opioids. o A o C o E o G - CORRECT ANSWER-o E Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to: o Immature renal function in schoolage children o Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population o Children's skin being thicker than adults, requiring higher dosages of topical medication o Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-o Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population The type of ADR that is the result of an unwanted but otherwise normal pharmacological action of a drug given in the usual therapeutic dose is: o Type A o Type B o Type C o Type D - CORRECT ANSWER-o Type A A nurse practitioner would prescribe the liquid form of ibuprofen for a six-year-old because: o Drugs given in liquid form are less irritating to the stomach. o A six-year-old may have problems swallowing a pill. o Liquid forms of medication eliminate the concern for first-pass effect. o Liquid ibuprofen does not have to be dosed as often as tablet form. - CORRECT ANSWER-o A six-year-old may have problems swallowing a pill. The role of the nurse practitioner in the use of herbal medication is to: o Maintain competence in the prescribing of common herbal remedies. o Recommend common OTC herbs to patients. o Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care. o Encourage patients to not use herbal therapy due to the documented dangers. - CORRECT ANSWER-o Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care. Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including: o Poor metabolizers (PMs) that lack a working enzyme o Intermediate metabolizers (IMs) that have one working, wild-type allele and one mutant allele o Extensive metabolizers (EMs), with two normally functioning alleles o All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-o All of the above The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to: o Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution o The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group o The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect o Age-related decrease in renal function - CORRECT ANSWER-o Age-related decrease in renal function Which of the following factors may adversely affect a patient's adherence to a therapeutic drug regimen? o Complexity of the drug regimen o Patient's perception of the potential adverse effects of the drugs o Both A and B o Neither A nor B - CORRECT ANSWER-o Both A and B The first step in the prescribing process according to the World Health Organization is: o Choosing the treatment o Educating the patient about the medication o Diagnosing the patient's problem o Starting the treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-o Diagnosing the patient's problem Patients with psychiatric illnesses have adherence rates to their drug regimen between 35% and 60%. To improve adherence in this population, prescribe drugs: o With a longer half-life so that missed doses produce a longer taper on the drug curve o In oral formulations that are more easily taken o That do not require frequent monitoring o Combined with patient education about the need to adhere even when symptoms are absent - CORRECT ANSWER-o With a longer half-life so that missed doses produce a longer taper on the drug curve An advantage of prescribing a sublingual medication is that the medication is: o Absorbed rapidly o Excreted rapidly o Metabolized minimally o Distributed equally - CORRECT ANSWER-o Absorbed rapidly The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% is called: o Steady state o Half-life o Phase II metabolism o Reduced bioavailability time - CORRECT ANSWER-o Half-life A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is: o A cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction o An immune complex hypersensitivity o An immediate hypersensitivity reaction o A delayed hypersensitivity reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-o A cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction