UCF MAN 3025 Final Exam with Complete Solutions

UCF MAN 3025 Final Exam with Complete Solutions Organization a collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose Hawthorne "initial study sought to determine how economic incentives and physical conditions of the workplace affected the output of workers. Initial focus was on the level of illumination in the manufacturing facilities Theory X assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibility, and prefer to be led Theory Y assumes people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self-directed and creative Positive reinforcement involves giving a reward when desired behavior occurs, in order to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated Three components of perceptual process Sensation, attention, perception Six factors that affect the attention process size, intensity, frequency, contrast, motion, novelty Perceptual organization the process of grouping environmental stimuli into recognizable patterns Principles to organize sensations Figure-ground, similarity, proximity, closure Figure-ground people tend to perceive objects that stand against a background Similarity stimuli that have a common physical traits are more likely to be grouped together than those that do not. Proximity stimuli that occur in the same proximity, either in space or in time, are oftern associated Closure most stimuli is perceived incomplete, we naturally tend to extrapolate information and project additional information to form a complete picture Halo effect perceptual error in which individuals allow one characteristic about a person to influence thier evaluation of other personality characteristics Primary effect the tendency for first impressions and early information to undully influence our evaluations and judgment Projection a form of perceptual bias in which we project our own personal feelings and attitudes onto others as a means of helping us interpret their attitudes and feelings Selective perception a source of perceptual errors caused by people choosing to perceive only the information that they find acceptable Stereotyping the process of using a few attributes about an object to classify it and then responding to it as a member of a category rather than as a unique object Discrimination and prejudice unreasonable bias associated with suspicion, intolerance, or an irrational dislike for people of a particular race, religion, or sex Self-fulling prophecy a phenomenon that occurs