ANSC 440 Midterm Exam Questions and Complete Rationales

ANSC 440 Midterm Exam Questions and Complete Rationales Neutrophils/PMN - Correct Ans: Ingest cells via phagocytosis and digest them with their granules. There numbers increase rapidly in the acute stage of infection (1st responders) present in large numbers in the body pus - Correct Ans: dead neutrophils and their liquid abcess - Correct Ans: accumulation of pus in the tissue neutrophil shape - Correct Ans: horseshow shaped nucleus. immature neutrophils are called band neutrophils because the nucleus has not reached the distinctive mature shape monocytes - Correct Ans: largest of all WBC's band neutrophile - Correct Ans: immature neutrophils, released in greater numbers from the marrow in the ammeter state during times of stress and infection some will mature into circulation increase in number of these indicates trying to respond to an infection- but they are not very good at fighting infection immature WBC - Correct Ans: tend to be larger in size with larger nuclei than their adult counterparts toxic neutrophil - Correct Ans: dead or dying neutrophils the cytoplams develops stippling (holes) and the nucleus degrades this can occur in the presence of bacterial endotoxins or certain toxic chemical compounds monocytes (macrophages) - Correct Ans: largest of all WBC, lifespan is short, becomes a macrophage when it enters the tissue, nucleus makes up most of the cell, longer lifespan than neutrophils, associated with chronic inflammatory conditions (Johne's) eosinophils - Correct Ans: best known for their reddish-orange staining granules (nucleus is blue), present in low numbers, hallmarks of parasitic and inflammatory disease, very rare basophil (mass cells) - Correct Ans: known for dark bluish purple stain granules, related to mast cells in tissue, present in low numbers, lack phagocytic power but are initiators for inflammation, powerful histamine release as well as lysosomal enzymes and bradykinin, associated with allergic reactions mass cell tumors - Correct Ans: (basophil)- metastatic aggressive tumors in the dog which spread to lymph, spleen, liver an done marrow, it becomes and mass cell when it enters the tissue erythroid cells (RBC)- origins in bone marrow - Correct Ans: both eryhtroid and leukoid cells lines originate in the marrow of the cancellous bones extra medullary sites of RBC production - Correct Ans: kidney- in low numbers Leukocytes - Correct Ans: originate in the bone marrow, precursor cell is myeloid stem cell (exception of lymphocytes) granulocytes - Correct Ans: take up cytoplamic stain contain granules. neuophils, basophils, and eosinophils function of RBC - Correct Ans: carry oxygen to the tissues at sufficient pressure to rapidly exchange with them, oxygen is carried by hemoglobin molecule hemoglobin - Correct Ans: made up of 1 heme unit bound to four globulin proteins plus one unit of iron anemia-copper or iron deficiency, lead poisoning, porphyris, severe protein deficiency - Correct Ans: interference with normal production of heme or globin SPO2 - Correct Ans: measures oxygen in the body, 95% of oxygen in the body to be normal function animal lead - Correct Ans: interferes with the production of the hemoglobin unit erythropoiesis (formation of RBC) - Correct Ans: regulated by erthropoeitin which is produced in the kidney in the presence of hypoxia hence chronic renal failure lead to anemia, acts at marrow to stimulate RBC stem cells to divide kidney disease - Correct Ans: chronic debilitated disease and hormonal abnormalities can suppress production RBC life - Correct Ans: live very long compared to WBC, 70-80 days in cats, 150 days in horses, 4-6 months in most animals spleen - Correct Ans: filter abnormal RBC (phagocytosis by fixed macrophages), old RBC become inflexible and cannot maneuver through splenic sinusoids production and destruction of RBC - Correct Ans: are in balance outside the disease state