Medical Physics ABR Part 1 Clinical Exam With Correct Questions And Answers 2024
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity. - Correct Answer-1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy) 2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - Correct Answer-Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum: a. Function
b. Location - Correct Answer-a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - Correct Answer-a. Higher functions: thought, action. b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - Correct Answer-Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum. Grey matter
Brain steam function - Correct Answer-Basic vital life functions (breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - Correct Answer-Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - Correct Answer-a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2. Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - Correct Answer-a. Part of the stomach sticks upward
into the chest through opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - Correct Answer-UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - Correct Answer-LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - Correct Answer-a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
a. Describe
b. Effects - Correct Answer-a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - Correct Answer-Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - Correct Answer-Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - Correct Answer-Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure (typically prostate) are removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - Correct Answer-A large hole in the occipital bone (base of skull) for the passage of nerves into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - Correct Answer-a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue that surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles, impeding the circulation of blood through the liver. b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver inflammation and injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding. Sarcoidosis - Correct Answer-Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
b. Result - Correct Answer-a. Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
b. 4 haploid cells
Haploid cells - Correct Answer-A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.
Diploid - Correct Answer-Cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number.
How many essential minerals to human health. List them. - Correct Answer-17. 7 major: Calcium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Potassium.
10 trace: Manganese, Chromium, Copper, Selenium... Zinc, Iodine, Fluoride, Molybdenum.
{Sing Mexican Hat Dance. Iodine = "EyeDine"}
How many and what are the major elements of the body? - Correct Answer-4.
H (63%)
O (26%)
C (9%)
N (1%)
Number of Cranial (CNS) nerves - Correct Answer-12 types (but are paired, so 24 total)
Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Here.
What are the thresholds for whole body acute radiation (rem/rad or Sv/Gy) for given symptoms? - Correct Answer-rem <=> rad; Sv <=> Gy
50 rem (0.5 Sv): Blood count change
100 rem (1 Sv): Vomiting
150 rem (1.5 Sv): Death threshold
350 rem (3.5 Sv): LD 50/60 with minimal care
500 (5 Sv): LD 50/60 with supportive medical care
1000 (10 Sv): LD 50/60 with intensive medical care (bone marrow transplant)
*LD 50/60 is the lethal dose at which 50% of those exposed die within 60 days.
At what vertebral level is the Umbilicus? - Correct Answer-L3-L4
Liver function - Correct Answer-Stores glycogen; manufactures and secretes bile; manufactures blood proteins;
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity. - Correct Answer-1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy) 2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - Correct Answer-Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum: a. Function
b. Location - Correct Answer-a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - Correct Answer-a. Higher functions: thought, action. b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - Correct Answer-Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum. Grey matter
Brain steam function - Correct Answer-Basic vital life functions (breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - Correct Answer-Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - Correct Answer-a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2. Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - Correct Answer-a. Part of the stomach sticks upward
into the chest through opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - Correct Answer-UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - Correct Answer-LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - Correct Answer-a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
a. Describe
b. Effects - Correct Answer-a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - Correct Answer-Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - Correct Answer-Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - Correct Answer-Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure (typically prostate) are removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - Correct Answer-A large hole in the occipital bone (base of skull) for the passage of nerves into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - Correct Answer-a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue that surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles, impeding the circulation of blood through the liver. b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver inflammation and injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding. Sarcoidosis - Correct Answer-Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
b. Result - Correct Answer-a. Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
b. 4 haploid cells
Haploid cells - Correct Answer-A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.
Diploid - Correct Answer-Cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number.
How many essential minerals to human health. List them. - Correct Answer-17. 7 major: Calcium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Potassium.
10 trace: Manganese, Chromium, Copper, Selenium... Zinc, Iodine, Fluoride, Molybdenum.
{Sing Mexican Hat Dance. Iodine = "EyeDine"}
How many and what are the major elements of the body? - Correct Answer-4.
H (63%)
O (26%)
C (9%)
N (1%)
Number of Cranial (CNS) nerves - Correct Answer-12 types (but are paired, so 24 total)
Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Here.
What are the thresholds for whole body acute radiation (rem/rad or Sv/Gy) for given symptoms? - Correct Answer-rem <=> rad; Sv <=> Gy
50 rem (0.5 Sv): Blood count change
100 rem (1 Sv): Vomiting
150 rem (1.5 Sv): Death threshold
350 rem (3.5 Sv): LD 50/60 with minimal care
500 (5 Sv): LD 50/60 with supportive medical care
1000 (10 Sv): LD 50/60 with intensive medical care (bone marrow transplant)
*LD 50/60 is the lethal dose at which 50% of those exposed die within 60 days.
At what vertebral level is the Umbilicus? - Correct Answer-L3-L4
Liver function - Correct Answer-Stores glycogen; manufactures and secretes bile; manufactures blood proteins;
