Human Development Exam Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified

Human Development Exam Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified 3 domains of Child Development - answerCognitive development, Social development, and Physical development Jean Piaget - answerSwiss Psychologist. - Observed behavior patterns in children. - his contributions help educators understand how children think, fell and respond to the world. - his theory proposes that cognitive development begins with a child's innate ability to adapt to the environment, and that development is a result of the child's interface with the physical world, social experiences, and physcial maturation. - Children actively move through new life experiences and form new ways to modify and adapt to the world. The child's mind seeks to find a state of equilibrium while moving through each state of operation. Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive Development - answer1. sensorimotor (birth to 2 yrs), 2. preoperational (2-7), 3. concrete operations (7-11), and formal operations (12-18) Cognitive Development - answerTransformations in a child's thought, language, and intelligence Conservation - answerit's a conceptual tool that allows a child to recognize that when altering the appearance of an object, the basic properties do not change. example: a short fat glass and a tall skinny glass, a child will identify the taller glass as having more, even though both have the same amount. - Piaget used this concept referring to numbers, weight, volume and matter. -A young child fails to master this task because the way things look influences how the child thinks -Based on Einstein's famous formula, E = mc², which states that mass and energy can be transformed from one to the other, but their total amount is fixed (conserved) so that it neither increases nor decreases Adaptation - answeressintial to Piaget's fundamental stages of development. Children adjust to new information about their environment in order to function more effectively. This process is done by two Fundamental concepts: -Assimilation -Accommodation Assimilation - answer-Refers to the way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure --Children fit this new knowledge into a template of existing schemes Example: A preschool child calls a lion "doggie" because the child only knows one type of four- legged animal. Accommodation - answerOccurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience Example: A preschool child plays with the keys on a piano to hear the different sounds of musical notes. When he tries this with an electric keyboard, he quickly learns that the keyboard must be turned on before it can be played. He must accommodate this new information to fit the experience. Piaget's Cognitive Learning Process - answer Four assumptions of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - answer1. Children are organically inspired to think, learn, and comprehend 2. Children see the world differently than adults 3. Children's knowledge is ordered into mental structures called schemas 4. All learning consists of assimilation and accommodation Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - answerStage 1 - Sensorimotor Period: Infancy -Age: birth-2 years -Characteristics: Infant's physical response to immediate surroundings Stage 2 - Preoperational Period: Early Childhood -Age: 2-7 years -Characteristics: Egocentric—Focus on symbolic thought and imagination Stage 3 - Concrete Operations Period: Middle Childhood -Age: 7-11 years -Characteristics: Mastery of conservation—Child begins to think logically Stage 4 - Formal Operations Period: Adolescence -Age: 12 years-adult -Characteristics: Thinking based on abstract principles Stage 1 - Sensorimotor Period: Infancy (birth-2 years) - answer-Behavior is based upon the infant's physical responses to immediate surroundings -Infants mentally organize and perceive their world through their sensory systems (i.e., what they touch, see, feel, hear, smell, etc.) -It is almost by mishap that the infant discovers that his physical reflexes have an impact on the world around him as the infant moves from reflexive actions to representational (symbolic) thought -This transition follows a series of increasingly progressive skills -During this period, infants are at the center of their universe (egocentrism) *** Think about how infants use their sense to become familiar to the new world. Stage 2 - Preoperational Period: Early Childhood (2-7 years) - answer-Development of symbolic thought and imagination is boundless -In striving to understand their world, around age 5, children begin to ask a multitude of "why" questions -Children can reason intuitively, and representational thought has emerged -Children continue to make errors in spoken language -There is a dramatic difference in the child's development as each year passes -Children love to hear stories, sing songs, and recite nursery rhymes -Independent and cooperative play become important during this stage