NBME 30 || with 100% Errorless Answers.

pellagra correct answers acquired deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3); Sx = diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis Hartnup disease correct answers autosomal recessive disorder of decreased GI absorption of tryptophan which is the precursor to nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3); see pellagra-like Sx = diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis (3 D's with Vitamin B3 deficiency) scurvy correct answers deficiency of vitamin C; signs and Sx of impaired collagen synthesis = swollen bleeding gums, easy bruising and bleeding, petechiae, impaired wound healing, short fragile curly hair Vascular changes as a result of chronic hypertension correct answers see changes in small arteries and arterioles = arteriosclerosis -- thickening of vessel walls and loss of elasticity (1) Hyaline arterioscerolosis = protein deposition in vessel walls (2) Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (aka hyperplastic arteriolitis) = concentric thickening of vessel wall with laminar appearance caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells; associated with severe, chronic HTN Relative Risk correct answers difference in likelihood of occurrence of a particular disease outcome between two groups of patients with or without a particular exposure (pt with exposure and disease/all with exposure)/(pt with disease but no exposure/all without exposure) [a/(a+b)] / [c/(c+d)] anterior hypothalamic nucleus correct answers thermoregulation (cooling), parasympathetic arcuate hypothalamic nucleus correct answers complex regulatory functions involved in appetite stimulation Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus correct answers regulation of feeding (Meals) and circadian rhythm (Dreams) -- DM = dorsomedial posterior hypothalamic nucleus correct answers thermoregulation (heating), sympathetic lateral hypothalamic nucleus correct answers promotes appetite under stimulation of ghrelin (your stomach growls if you're late to lunch) ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus correct answers promotes satiety under stimulation of leptin (ventro sounds like "biento" = i'm good (full))