BIOSCI 210 Species Concepts and Speciation Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIOSCI 210 Species Concepts and Speciation Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Species (Charles Darwin) - Correct Answer ️️ -set of individuals closely resembling each other - knew than an understanding of variation within and between specials was critical for taxonomy and evolution Species (Modern Synthesis) - Correct Answer ️️ -species are fundamentally different from the taxa about and below them in taxonomic hierarchy Species (Folk Concept) - Correct Answer ️️ -Individual plants and animals can be mentally grouped into a number of taxa, individuals are basically alike - reproductive compatibility and continuity within species - tell species apart by looking at them Species delimitation - Correct Answer ️️ -Deciding what is and what is not a species - involve theoretical considerations/concepts Species Diagnosis - Correct Answer ️️ -Deciding which species is which - involves comparative analysis of characters Barcoding - Correct Answer ️️ -e.g. DNA Barcoding use of short gene sequence from a standardised region of the genome to help discover, characterise and distinguish species - used to assign unidentified individuals to species - used to DIAGNOSE species - no known way to delimit species Biological Species Concept (BSC) - Correct Answer ️️ -Mayr (1942) - species of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated - species = reproductive community - inbreeding is a criterion PROBLEMS - plants are problematic due to hybridisation - does not apply to asexual organisms or self-pollinators - inapplicable in practice (impractical breeding experiments) - inconclusive breeding experiments (cannot duplicate natural conditions) - strong adherents use phonetic similarities and discontinuities for delimiting species) - Sexual compatibility is a primitive trait - groups not occurring together in time cannot be evaluated - confuses the product of speciation with the process (criteria ignore selection, drift etc) e.g. salamanders - breed with all neighbours except one species Genotypic Cluster Concept - Correct Answer ️️ -- species = genetic or morphological clusters - no infraspecific variation, can define locally adapted populations as valid species Recognition Species Concept - Correct Answer ️️ -- based on the notion that species form units that are discrete or cohesive in terms of genotype, phenotype or gene flow - understanding why an isolating barrier arose requires examining permeating behaviours that facilitate reproduction - species = the most inclusive population of individual biparental organisms which share a common fertilisation system" - only consider isolating barriers that involve mating and fertilisation - can't explain hybridisation but no introgression Phenotypic Cohesion Concept - Correct Answer ️️ -- species = most inclusi