NUR 321: Hypertension Article
Are high-ceiling loops and thiazides the same type of medications? - ANS-high-ceiling
loop (Furosemide/Lasix) and thiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide) act differently but the things
you look for are the same. they both lose potassium. loop of henley reabsorbs
potassium.
How are ACE inhibitors administered? - ANS-Orally - most can be taken with or without
food except for captopril that needs to be taken 1 hour before meals
How are alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists administered? - ANS-Orally - can be taken with
food
How are ARBs administered? - ANS-Orally - can be taken with or without food
How are beta blockers administered? - ANS-Orally/IV also for propanolol and
metropolol
How are calcium channel blockers administered? - ANS-Verapamil (oral /IV administer
slowly over 2-3 minutes)
How are potassium sparing diuretics administered? - ANS-orally
How is Thiazide administered? - ANS-orally
If patients with high cholesterol are on diuretics, what would you also give them? -
ANS-lipitor, a statin, cholesterol lowering medications
If sodium is low, then what other electrolyte would be low? - ANS-chloride because it's
sodium chloride
What are ACE inhibitors? - ANS-Angiotension-Coverting Enzyme Inhibitors - it keeps
aldosterone, sodium, water. so it maintains blood pressure, if we block it then we're
going to lose fluid and electrolytes and lower blood pressure. diabetics and people with
renal disease go on these meds to move the fluids along. the meds treat diabetes and
chronic kidney disease along with hypertension heart failure MI diabetic and nondiabetic
neuropathy
What are adverse affects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS-- 1st dose hypotension
, - COUGH (dry, nonproductive): nagging and dry that worsens at night. sometimes can't
finish drug therapy because of this effect.
- Hyperkalemia: has potential to cause high potassium/hyperkalemia. they need to have
blood work for the potassium and try not to eat too much foods with potassium to
increase the potassium in blood. don't want patients to take salt substitutes because
they're increasing potassium.
- Angioedema: edema in the face especially under the eyes.
** agranulocytosis: without the granulocytes being produced, the labwork is testing for
neutrophils. if we have agranulocytosis (can cause bone marrow depression or
diseases 1:44?)
What are adverse effects of alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists? - ANS-- Orthostatic
Hypotension
- Reflex tachycardia
- Nasal congestion
- Inhibition Ejaculation (Impotence)
What are adverse effects of Angiotension II Receptor Blockers (ARB's)? - ANS-- No
Cough
- Potential hyperkalemia
*** Angioedema ***
What are adverse effects of beta blockers? - ANS-- Lowers hypertension
- Bradycardia
** < 60 HOLD Apical
- Reduced contractility = reduced cardiac output
- rebound tachycardia
- AV block
- bronchoconstriction
What are adverse effects of centrally acting alpha 2 agonists? - ANS-- Bradycardia
- decreased cardiac output
** Rebound hypertension
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
What are adverse effects of high- ceiling loop diuretics? - ANS-- Hypokalemia: needs to
have potassium supplement, i.e. banana, raisins, or other food, potassium supplement,
diabetics might need to take supplement because they can't eat the fruit
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochloremia
Are high-ceiling loops and thiazides the same type of medications? - ANS-high-ceiling
loop (Furosemide/Lasix) and thiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide) act differently but the things
you look for are the same. they both lose potassium. loop of henley reabsorbs
potassium.
How are ACE inhibitors administered? - ANS-Orally - most can be taken with or without
food except for captopril that needs to be taken 1 hour before meals
How are alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists administered? - ANS-Orally - can be taken with
food
How are ARBs administered? - ANS-Orally - can be taken with or without food
How are beta blockers administered? - ANS-Orally/IV also for propanolol and
metropolol
How are calcium channel blockers administered? - ANS-Verapamil (oral /IV administer
slowly over 2-3 minutes)
How are potassium sparing diuretics administered? - ANS-orally
How is Thiazide administered? - ANS-orally
If patients with high cholesterol are on diuretics, what would you also give them? -
ANS-lipitor, a statin, cholesterol lowering medications
If sodium is low, then what other electrolyte would be low? - ANS-chloride because it's
sodium chloride
What are ACE inhibitors? - ANS-Angiotension-Coverting Enzyme Inhibitors - it keeps
aldosterone, sodium, water. so it maintains blood pressure, if we block it then we're
going to lose fluid and electrolytes and lower blood pressure. diabetics and people with
renal disease go on these meds to move the fluids along. the meds treat diabetes and
chronic kidney disease along with hypertension heart failure MI diabetic and nondiabetic
neuropathy
What are adverse affects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS-- 1st dose hypotension
, - COUGH (dry, nonproductive): nagging and dry that worsens at night. sometimes can't
finish drug therapy because of this effect.
- Hyperkalemia: has potential to cause high potassium/hyperkalemia. they need to have
blood work for the potassium and try not to eat too much foods with potassium to
increase the potassium in blood. don't want patients to take salt substitutes because
they're increasing potassium.
- Angioedema: edema in the face especially under the eyes.
** agranulocytosis: without the granulocytes being produced, the labwork is testing for
neutrophils. if we have agranulocytosis (can cause bone marrow depression or
diseases 1:44?)
What are adverse effects of alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists? - ANS-- Orthostatic
Hypotension
- Reflex tachycardia
- Nasal congestion
- Inhibition Ejaculation (Impotence)
What are adverse effects of Angiotension II Receptor Blockers (ARB's)? - ANS-- No
Cough
- Potential hyperkalemia
*** Angioedema ***
What are adverse effects of beta blockers? - ANS-- Lowers hypertension
- Bradycardia
** < 60 HOLD Apical
- Reduced contractility = reduced cardiac output
- rebound tachycardia
- AV block
- bronchoconstriction
What are adverse effects of centrally acting alpha 2 agonists? - ANS-- Bradycardia
- decreased cardiac output
** Rebound hypertension
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
What are adverse effects of high- ceiling loop diuretics? - ANS-- Hypokalemia: needs to
have potassium supplement, i.e. banana, raisins, or other food, potassium supplement,
diabetics might need to take supplement because they can't eat the fruit
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochloremia
