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Summary Topic 5 - Energy Transfers - AQA A-level Biology

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AQA A2 Biology A* guaranteed notes ( topics 5-8)

£ 41.96 £ 20.49 4 items

1. Summary - Topic 5 - energy transfers - aqa a-level biology
2. Summary - Topic 6 - organisms respond to changes - aqa a-level biology
3. Summary - Topic 7 - genetics, populations, evolution, ecosystems - aqa a-level biology
4. Summary - Topic 8 - control of gene expression - aqa a-level biology
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Photosynthesis

LIGHT coz
v u
REDUCEDNADP

H2O LDR LIR GLUCOSE

ATP
82

Limiting factors

Light Intensity
coz conc
Temperature

If askedwhy increase in causesincrease in rate uptake of CO2
egg

In investigation whyis x kept constant
TEMP affects enzyme activity rate of Pass
Ensures only haseffecton rate ofPass

units for rate of Pass
CO2uptake 102 made glucose made per min see1hr

whyradioactively label substance

, Light dependent reaction
d
thylakoid i
space sunlight s

F M r

i

e carrier

th
morosystemit ecarrier
a a a
Noma a tho sotzetant s

Photo
ionisation
Photosystem II contains chlorophyll

chlorophyll absorbssunlight whichexcites electrons in chlorophyll
2 electrons perchlorophyllmolecule are lost

2 Photolysis of water
n
H2O to zé ant movesthroughAtpsynthasetocausecatalysis

wasteproduct replaces
e inchlorophyll

3 ElectronTransport Chain
seriesofredoxreactions
Electrons fromchlorophyllmovealongelectrontransportchain in thylakoidmembrane until findCar
Electroncarrierreducedwhengainingé and oxidised when e lost
movement of electrons releasesenergy for At of Ht ions

4 Chemiosmosis

H protons are pumped
byActivetransport from stroma thylakoid space
energy for At is fromelectronmovement originally from sunlight

5 Reduction of NADP
At final é carrier NADP is reduced by é andHt to form reducedNADP NADPH

NADP Ht e NADPH

6 Photophosphorylation
Ht protons movedown electrochemical gradient by facilitateddiffusion through Atpsynthase
Movement of HtcausesAtpsynthase to catalyse ADP pi ATP

, Light independentreaction
stroma
aka Calvincycle

1 GRUBP Scarbonmolecule ribulose Bisphosphate

6CO2
catalysed byrubiscoenzyme ribulosebisphosphatecarboxylase
carboxylation

I
usedtoregenerate IIP 3carbonmolecule glycerate 3 phosphate
GRUBP

g egg g g g
NADPtattata
YoIe'd't
releasesenergy
required ATP ADP Pi l releases energy for reaction

12TP 3carbon molecule triosephosphate

TP can also form glyceroland AA

Glucose 6carbonmolecule

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