CBT ASSESSMENT TEST QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is EBPP and how does it relate to multicultural competence? - Answer-The APA
recognized the need for clear guidance on what works, and they created a task force to
take on the project of determining what constitutes practical, research-based, and highly
relevant psychotherapy practice. The result of this was EBPP, which stands for
evidence-based practice in psychology. It is defined as the integration of the best
available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture,
and preferences.
Know what each letter of the ADDRESSING acronym stands for - Answer-A: Age
DD: Developmental and other Disability
R: Religion
E: Ethnicity and race
S: Sexual orientation
S: SES
I: Indigenous heritage
N: Nation of origin
G: Gender
Personal work - Answer-Involves introspection, self-exploration, and understanding of
cultural influences on one's own belief system and world view. Recognizing the areas in
which you are a member of a dominant group can help you become more aware of the
ways in which such identities limit your knowledge and experience regarding those who
differ from you. Because of the way privilege separates dominant culture members from
knowledge about minority groups, therapists must put forth extra effort into finding and
learning the knowledge and skills to understand clients that are different from them.
Interpersonal work - Answer-Focuses on learning from and about other cultures, which
usually involves interaction with people. The ADDRESSING framework helps therapists
avoid inaccurate generalizations on the basis of characteristics such as a person's
physical appearance, name, or language. Using ADDRESSING can allow for a therapist
to think about a more relevant and broader range of questions and hypotheses to ask a
client.
How does Hayes suggest we gather the ADDRESSING information? - Answer-Use the
acronym to facilitate your consideration of questions and hypotheses that you might
otherwise overlook.
What is the central premise in virtually all behavioral models of depression? - Answer-
The assumption that depression is associated with particular behavior-environment
relationships that evolve over time. All behavioral models also emphasize the
importance of contingent (if-then) relationships between behaviors and the
, environments in which they occur. These relationships are between human activities
and their often interpersonal environmental consequences.
What was Ferster's (1973, 1981) primary assumption about what causes depression?
What two additional consequences facilitate depression? - Answer-Depression is the
result of a learning history in which the actions of the individual do not result in positive
reward from the environment, or in which the actions are reinforced because they allow
the individual to escape from an aversive condition. This decrease in response-
contingent positive reinforcement produces 2 additional consequences. 1) when
people's efforts don't result in reward, they become more focused on responding to their
own internal state than to potential sources of positive reinforcement in the external
environment. 2) A narrowing of individuals' repertoire of adaptive behaviors since fewer
and fewer behaviors are being maintained by positive reinforcement. Fester also
observed that increases in aversive consequences after behavior typically lead
depressed people to become preoccupied with escape and avoidance.
Describe Lewinsohn's (1974) model depression and the three factors that influence the
re rate of response-contingent reinforcement. - Answer-Also emphasized the
importance of response-contingent reinforcement. Conceptualized that the rate for this
was influenced by 3 factors: 1) the number of potentially reinforcing events of an
individual, 2) the availability of reinforcement in the environment, and 3) the instrumental
behavior of the individual required to elicit the reinforcement. Social avoidance was a
core part of his model. He developed the 1st stand-alone behaviorally oriented
treatment for depression.
Contemporary models of depression assume that people become depressed why? -
Answer-Changes in the context of people's lives provide low levels of positive
reinforcement and high levels of aversive control. Lives that are "less rewarding" can
lead to feelings of sadness. When people get depressed, they often pull away from the
world in important ways, and the basic routine of their lives becomes disrupted. These
processes are conceptualized as "secondary problem behaviors" because they prevent
people from connecting with aspects of their lives that could improve mood and from
solving problems that may help decrease stress and improve life context.
The BA approach to therapy addresses which two factors related to depression? -
Answer-1) The aspects of one's life that need to be changed to reduce depression and
2) the ways withdrawal from the world may be maintain or increasing depression. BA
accomplishes these aims through "guided activation."
Describe Jacobson's classic 1996 study and its findings - Answer-First study to
revitalize an interest in a purely behavioral approach to treating depression. Posed this
question: Could the behavioral component of CT account for the efficacy that CT has
demonstrated in previous clinical trials? Adults with MDD were randomly assigned to 1
of 3 groups: BA only, BA+ interventions designed to modify automatic thoughts, and full
CT. Results showed that BA was comparable to full CT in both acute efficacy and
prevention of relapse
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is EBPP and how does it relate to multicultural competence? - Answer-The APA
recognized the need for clear guidance on what works, and they created a task force to
take on the project of determining what constitutes practical, research-based, and highly
relevant psychotherapy practice. The result of this was EBPP, which stands for
evidence-based practice in psychology. It is defined as the integration of the best
available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture,
and preferences.
Know what each letter of the ADDRESSING acronym stands for - Answer-A: Age
DD: Developmental and other Disability
R: Religion
E: Ethnicity and race
S: Sexual orientation
S: SES
I: Indigenous heritage
N: Nation of origin
G: Gender
Personal work - Answer-Involves introspection, self-exploration, and understanding of
cultural influences on one's own belief system and world view. Recognizing the areas in
which you are a member of a dominant group can help you become more aware of the
ways in which such identities limit your knowledge and experience regarding those who
differ from you. Because of the way privilege separates dominant culture members from
knowledge about minority groups, therapists must put forth extra effort into finding and
learning the knowledge and skills to understand clients that are different from them.
Interpersonal work - Answer-Focuses on learning from and about other cultures, which
usually involves interaction with people. The ADDRESSING framework helps therapists
avoid inaccurate generalizations on the basis of characteristics such as a person's
physical appearance, name, or language. Using ADDRESSING can allow for a therapist
to think about a more relevant and broader range of questions and hypotheses to ask a
client.
How does Hayes suggest we gather the ADDRESSING information? - Answer-Use the
acronym to facilitate your consideration of questions and hypotheses that you might
otherwise overlook.
What is the central premise in virtually all behavioral models of depression? - Answer-
The assumption that depression is associated with particular behavior-environment
relationships that evolve over time. All behavioral models also emphasize the
importance of contingent (if-then) relationships between behaviors and the
, environments in which they occur. These relationships are between human activities
and their often interpersonal environmental consequences.
What was Ferster's (1973, 1981) primary assumption about what causes depression?
What two additional consequences facilitate depression? - Answer-Depression is the
result of a learning history in which the actions of the individual do not result in positive
reward from the environment, or in which the actions are reinforced because they allow
the individual to escape from an aversive condition. This decrease in response-
contingent positive reinforcement produces 2 additional consequences. 1) when
people's efforts don't result in reward, they become more focused on responding to their
own internal state than to potential sources of positive reinforcement in the external
environment. 2) A narrowing of individuals' repertoire of adaptive behaviors since fewer
and fewer behaviors are being maintained by positive reinforcement. Fester also
observed that increases in aversive consequences after behavior typically lead
depressed people to become preoccupied with escape and avoidance.
Describe Lewinsohn's (1974) model depression and the three factors that influence the
re rate of response-contingent reinforcement. - Answer-Also emphasized the
importance of response-contingent reinforcement. Conceptualized that the rate for this
was influenced by 3 factors: 1) the number of potentially reinforcing events of an
individual, 2) the availability of reinforcement in the environment, and 3) the instrumental
behavior of the individual required to elicit the reinforcement. Social avoidance was a
core part of his model. He developed the 1st stand-alone behaviorally oriented
treatment for depression.
Contemporary models of depression assume that people become depressed why? -
Answer-Changes in the context of people's lives provide low levels of positive
reinforcement and high levels of aversive control. Lives that are "less rewarding" can
lead to feelings of sadness. When people get depressed, they often pull away from the
world in important ways, and the basic routine of their lives becomes disrupted. These
processes are conceptualized as "secondary problem behaviors" because they prevent
people from connecting with aspects of their lives that could improve mood and from
solving problems that may help decrease stress and improve life context.
The BA approach to therapy addresses which two factors related to depression? -
Answer-1) The aspects of one's life that need to be changed to reduce depression and
2) the ways withdrawal from the world may be maintain or increasing depression. BA
accomplishes these aims through "guided activation."
Describe Jacobson's classic 1996 study and its findings - Answer-First study to
revitalize an interest in a purely behavioral approach to treating depression. Posed this
question: Could the behavioral component of CT account for the efficacy that CT has
demonstrated in previous clinical trials? Adults with MDD were randomly assigned to 1
of 3 groups: BA only, BA+ interventions designed to modify automatic thoughts, and full
CT. Results showed that BA was comparable to full CT in both acute efficacy and
prevention of relapse
