arch 249 test 1 tamu.

arch 249 test 1 tamu
mud brick - ANS-Commonly used building material made by mixing clay with water and
adding straw as a binder. The mud solution was poured into wooden molds for form
bricks, which were placed in the hot sun to dry and harden. used in Jericho, Catal
Huyuk,

post and lintel - ANS-a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a
horizontal beam (lintel)

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) - ANS--(100,000 bc-9000/8000 BC)
-first societies lived as hunter gatherer
-small fam groups/ clans
-seasonal habitation (hunts, tents caves)
-used organic material to build so not a lot is preserved
-had mammoth bone houses

mammoth bone houses - ANS-ukraine, 16000-10000 BC, has settlements of up to 10
houses, used bones, Hydes, pine poles, had a hearth with floors covered in ocre

Mammoth Bone Houses - ANS-

Lascaux cave - ANS-france, humans cave to cave and decorated it, had hall of bulls, in
Paleolithic era

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux - ANS-

Jericho and Catal Huyuk - ANS-neolithic

neolithic - ANS--new Stone Age 9000-3000BC
-warmer temps
-abundant wildlife & vegitation
-farming domestication
-settled village w larger pop
-social stratification
-formalized ceremonies
-monumental arch

Jericho pic - ANS-

,Jericho - ANS--fortified settlement w 27ft thick walls
-tower 28ft across in wall
-mud huts w cone roof
-hunters & farmers who buried dead under floor

Catal huyuk - ANS--turkey
-dense packing of dwellings w/out streets & gained access through roofs
-mudbrick walls with post and lintel timber frame established perimeter
-shrines of bulls & dieties

walls at canal huyuk - ANS-showed map of city painted

Catal Huyuk, turkey - ANS-

intramural burial - ANS-graves within a settlement, ie, under the floors of houses. used
in Jericho. had plaster skulls on display

megalith - ANS--great stone erected for astronomical observation or communal tombs
-chambered tombs of dry wall w corbeled roofs in sp. & fr.
- ireland has most

er mane - ANS-

Er-mane - ANS--4200 bc Cranal France
-covered earth

new grange - ANS--3100 bc neolithic
- crest of hill over looking boyne river
-earthen mound 300 ft in diameter, 36ft tall covers tomb
-front entrance leads to 62ft long upward passage covered by stone lintels form
chamber covered by 26ft high corbeled ceilings
-stone work decorated in passage w spirals
-5 days around winter solstice light enters doorway & transom like light box illuminates
chamber
-work large stones

spiral decorations at passage grave - ANS-could be symbolic of water & journey from
life to death

, New grange - ANS-

stone henge - ANS--2900-1400 BC neolithic
-in salisbury plains
-3 distinct building phases
-arranged in u shape to focus on axis to NE heel stone
-observatory for solstices & predicting lunar & solar eclipses

stone henge pic - ANS-

stage 1 of Stonehenge - ANS--circular mound
-dug ditches
-56 Aubrey holes
-possibly blue stones
-cremation burials

stage 2 Stonehenge - ANS--timber posts

stage 3 Stonehenge - ANS--bluestones
-heelstones added

stage 4 Stonehenge - ANS--sarcen stones
-circle
-horseshoe
-trilithons

stage 5 Stonehenge - ANS--bluestones reused

construction teq Stonehenge - ANS--all blocks smooth
-lintels curved to follow circle
-uprights taper from bottom to top
-post & lintels
-tenon & mortise

mortise & tenon - ANS-

corbeling - ANS-stones laid in a course that moves inward w each new course

corbeling - ANS-