SOCA 105 Exam 3 Snyder WVU Verified Solutions

SOCA 105 Exam 3 Snyder WVU Verified Solutions Paleoanthropology ️study of hominid and human life through the fossil record Biological/Physical Anthropology ️study of human biological variation in time and space Primatology ️study of biology, evolution, behavior, and social life of primates Anthropometry ️measurement of body parts, and bones. used for classification and comparison Bone Biology ️study of bone as a biological tissue, including its genetics, cell structure, growth, decay, and patterns of movement Paleopathology ️study of disease and injury in skeletons from archaeological sites Forensic Anthropology ️work in legal context to recover, analyze, and identify human remains to determine the cause of death Molecular Anthropology ️compares DNA sequnces, to find links and distances among ancient modern species populations Evolution ️the change in hertiable characteristics of biological populations over successful generations Creationism ️idea that biological similarities and differences originated at the creation Catastrophism ️modified version of creationism, accounts for the fossil record by authored worldwide disasters that wiped out creatures represented in the fossil record Uniformitarianism ️past geological events can be best explained by observing the ongoing events Natural Selection ️process by which nature selects the forms most suited to survive and reproduce in a given enironment Mendelian Genetics ️studies the way in which chromosomes transmit genes across the generations Genetic Evolution ️a change in gene frequency of alleles in a breeding population from generation to generation Gene Pool ️refers to all of the alleles, genes, chromosomes and genotypes within a breeding population Mutation ️changes in the DNA, most important source of variety, can be neutral Phenotype ️physical characteristics: har, eyes, blood type Genotype ️refers to the genetic makeup of an organism Random Genetic Drift ️change in allele frequency doesnt result through natural selection but through chance Gene Flow ️the exchange of genetic material between populations of the same species Speciation ️formation of new species Microevolution ️small scale changes in allele frequencies over just a few generations in a given population but without speciation Macroevolution ️larger scale genetic changes in a population over a longer time period, which result in speciation Modern Evolutionary Synthesis ️current accepted view on evolution combination of darwins theory of evolution by natural selection and mendels genetic discoveries Punctuated Equilibrium ️may occur through the extinction of one species followed by an invasion of closely related species, replaced by more fit species, period of environmental changes, which leads to mutation and genetic changes. pliocene ️5- 2mya Homology ️the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different species hominid ️refers to the taxonomic family that includes humans and african apes and their immediate ancestors Hominin ️human line after its split from ancestral chimps- emerged after late Minocene epoch Ardipithecus Ramidus ️5.8 to 4.4mya earliest hominin bipedal, short forest dweller, apelike face six species of australopithecus ️anamensis 4.2- 3.9 mya