NURS 372 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions

What is the infection cycle? Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host. Manifestations of infection redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function Lab evidence of infection -elevated WBCs (10,000/mm^3) -increase in specific types of WBCs -elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate -presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining culture -lumbar puncture, stool culture to check for bacteria Nursing interventions of infection -preventing transmission: isolation, hand hygiene -educating about infectious process; recommend immunizations, nurses receive hep B+ annual influenza shot -controlling fever and accompanying discomforts: promote adequate fluid, identify cause of fever -monitoring and managing potential complications: V/S and consciousness monitored, X-rays, lab values Contact precautions -gloves and gown -ex: c diff, MRSA/VRE, impetigo, scabies Droplet precautions - 5 mm, gloves, gown, goggles, 6 feet apart -ex: influenza, mumps, rubella, meningitis, pneumonia Airborne precautions - 5 mm, isolation, negative pressure, N95, door+window closed -ex: tuberculosis, varicella, disseminated herpes zoster Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus risk factors: young children and older adults, close physical proximity, immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive devices, prolonged hospitalization treatment: vancomycin, linezoid prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment Vancomycin-resistant enterococci risk factors: immunocompromised, recent surgery, invasive devices, prolonged antibiotic use, prolonged hospitalization treatment: vancomycin, linezoid prevention: hand washing, PPE, disinfection/sterilization of equipment