Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations Practice Questions Guide With Complete Answers.

What are the main requirements for becoming a police officer? - correct answer 1. high school diploma 2. Good physical condition 3. absence of a criminal record How has the profile of American police officers changed? - correct answer Better educated, more female and minority officers What type of training do police recruits need? - correct answer preservice training usually in a police academy Where does socialization to police work take place? - correct answer on the job What are the two key elements of police work that define the officer's working personality? - correct answer danger and authority What are the four types of stress felt by the police? - correct answer 1. external stress 2. organizational stress 3. personal stress 4. operation stress What is incident-driven policing? - correct answer citizen expectation that the police will respond quickly to every call What is differential response? - correct answer policy that prioritizes calls according to whether an immediate or delayed response is warranted What are the basic measures of police productivity? - correct answer clearance rate - the % of crimes know to the police that they believe they have solved through an arrest - is the traditional productivity measure, now supplemented by such measurable activities as traffic tickets n stop-n -frisk searches What is the difference between line n staff functions? - correct answer personnel assigned to line functions are directly involved in field operations; those assigned to stand functions supplement n support the line function What are the 3parts of patrol function? - correct answer 1. answering calls for assistance 2. maintaining a police presence 3. probing suspicious circumstances What is the job of the detective? - correct answer detectives examine the crime scene, question witnesses and victims, and focus on gathering evidence to solve crimes What are the four steps of the apprehension process? - correct answer 1. detection of crime 2. preliminary investigation 3. follow-up investigation 4. clearance and arrest What kinds of special operations units do police departments often employ? - correct answer traffic, vice, narcotics, juvenile What factors affect patrol assignments? - correct answer crime rates, "problem neighborhoods," degree of urbanization, pressures from business people and community groups, and socioeconomic conditions What did the Kansas City study show about preventive patrol? - correct answer crime rates do not seem to be affected by changes in patrolling strategies, such as assigning more officers What is a hot spot? - correct answer a locations that generates a high number of cells for police response What is directed patrol? - correct answer a proactive patrol strategy designed to direct resources to known high-crime areas What types of delays reduce response time? - correct answer decisions-matking delays caused by ambiguity, coping activities, ad conflicts What are the advantages of foot patrol? Of motorized patrol? - correct answer officers on foot patrol: have greater contact with residents of a neighborhood, thus gaining their confidence and assistance officers on motorized patrol: have a greater range of activity and can respond speedily to calls How do one-person and two-person patrol units compare? - correct answer one-person patrols are more cost-efficient two-person patrols are thought to be safer What is aggressive patrol? - correct answer a proactive strategy designed to maximize the number of police interventions and observations in a community What are the major elements of community policing? - correct answer community policing emphasized order maintenance and service; it attempts to involve members of the community in making their neighborhoods safe patrol and decentralization aggressive patrol - correct answer a patrol strategy designed to maximize the number of police interventions and observations in the community "broken windows" theory - correct answer influential theory about increased ni fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is insufficient police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as vandalism, loitering, aggressive panhandling, and prostitution the percentage rate of crimes known to the police that they believe they have solved through an arrests, a statistic used to measure a police department's productivity - correct answer clearance rate a patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and then determines the appropriate response depending on the importance or urgency of the call - correct answer directed patrol - correct answer a proactive form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas incident-driven policing - correct answer a reactive approach to policing emphasizing a quick response to calls or service - correct answer line functions making the police presence known, in order to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls - correct answer preventive patrol acting in anticipations, such as an active search for potential offenders that is initiated by the police without waiting for a crime to be reported; arrests for victimless crimes are usually this way - correct answer proactive problem-oriented policing - correct answer an approach to policing in which officers routinely seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents that prompt citizens to call the police reactive - correct answer acting in response, such as police activity in response to notification that a crime has been committed school resource officers (SROAs) - correct answer police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students that may assist in delinquency prevention socialization - correct answer the process by which the rules, symbols, and values of a group or subculture are learned by its members subculture - correct answer the symbols, beliefs, and values shared by members of a subgroup of the larger society sworn officers - correct answer police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force, in accordance with their duties working personality - correct answer a set of emotional and behavioral