PFT Test 1 All Answers Correct

PFT Test 1 All Answers Correct PFT Goals - Detect restrictive lung defects (reduced lung volumes) - Detect obstructive lung defects (reduced airflows) - Detect gas transfer abnormalities (diffusion) - Detect respiratory muscle weakness Basic and Commonly Performed PFT - Vital Capacity: Measures the largest volume of air that can be moved into or out of the lungs and is related to the standing height of the patient. Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) - Definition: Can be used to assess physiological demands or a patient's ability to exercise and peak ventilation capacity. - Largest volume of air that a patient can move in and out in 12-15 seconds. PFT Predicted Values Based on: - Age - Gender (biological sex) - Height (standing/sitting) - Race or ethnic origin - Weight or body surface area Pre-Test Guidelines - Withhold bronchodilator 4-6 hours prior to pre/post bronchodilator studies during PFT testing. - Stop smoking 1 hour before the test. - Stop smoking 24 hours before the DLCO test. - Do not consume alcohol 4 hours before the test. - Stop vigorous exercise immediately or within 2 hours before the test. - Light meal and water only 1 hour before the test. Indications for Spirometry 1. Preoperative evaluation for pneumonectomy 2. Measurement of exercise capacity 3. Determination of the beneficial effects of a bronchodilator 4. Measurement of the effects of working in a dusty environment Approved indications include options 1, 3, and 4. Measurement of Lung Volumes - Measurement of total lung capacity (TLC) is indicated to diagnose restrictive lung disease. Clinical Vignettes - A 60-year-old man with dyspnea on exertion and when lying in bed, with normal FEV1 and FVC, is most consistent with CHF (Congestive Heart Failure). - Diseases that often result in an obstructive pattern when spirometry is performed include Asthma, Emphysema, and Bronchiolitis obliterans. PFT Technologist Responsibilities - Demonstrate how to correctly perform the test maneuver before performing spirometry. Pulmonary Conditions - Sarcoidosis: Characterized by granulomatous changes and fibrosis in the lungs. - PFTs are usually contraindicated in untreated pneumothorax. Physical Measurements - Standing height without shoes should be measured to the nearest cm before pulmonary function testing. Follow-Up Actions in PFT - For a 25-year-old patient with suspected asthma performing spirometry with an FVC of 3.2 L and FEV of 2.2 L, the technologist should administer a bronchodilator. Dry Rolling Seal Spirometer Attributes - True Statements: 1. It cannot be used to measure DLCO by the single breath method. 2. Measured volumes need to be corrected to BTPS (Body Temperature and Pressure, Saturated). 3. Inspiratory and expiratory flows can be measured. 4. Leaks do not affect spirometric measurements. Authorized: 2 and 3. Flow Integration Measurement - Pressure differential pneumotachometer is used to measure volume. Flow Sensing Spirometers Principles 1. Paired heated wires to detect temperature change. 2. Ultrasonic sound waves passing through a gas stream. 3. Molecular impaction on a gel membrane. 4. Pressure drop across a resistive element. Authorized: 1, 2, and 4. Airflow Measurement - Airflow in and out of the lungs is a good measurement or indication of obstruction. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) - The maximum volume of gas that can be expired when the patient exhales forcefully