Pathogenesis GMS6121 Test Questions
with Answers
How proteases resist complement? (8-1) - Answer-Bacteria secretes protease which
degrades complement and keeps it from working
Extracellular bacteria - Answer-live outside phagocytes because otherwise they are
killed
Intracellular bacteria - Answer-Invade and grow within phagocytes
antiphagocytic functions of extracellular bacteria - Answer-inhibit recruitment, by
inhibiting complement
kill the phagocytes due to toxins
prevent opsonization, prevent binding because of slime layer
intracellular pathogen functions - Answer-• inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
escape phago(lyso)some into cytoplasm
inhibit oxidative burst
resist antimicrobial functions
What is the most active component of oxidative burst? - Answer-Superoxide O^2
What enzyme generates O^2? What happens if an individual cannot generate this
enzyme? - Answer-NADPH oxidase. Person will be more susceptible to bacteria
infection.
How do phagocytes kill in an oxygen dependent manner? - Answer-Oxidative burst
How can phagocytes kill in an oxygen independent manner? - Answer-Acid pH acidifies
the endosome
Lysozyme cuts the cell wall (Gram Pos)
Secrete cationic proteins (defensins) can kill bacteria
Lactoferrin binds iron
Adaptive immunity - Answer-Antibodies
antigenic mimicry - Answer-Bacteria synthesize microbial surface components to look
like the host
antigenic cloaking - Answer-bind host proteins to bacterial surface to look like the host
, antigenic variation - Answer-When host signals a immune response against a bacterial
antigen, some members of the bacterial population can change their antigens in real
time
antigenic variety - Answer-numerous serological types, have occurred over eons
degrade antibodies - Answer-way to escape antibodies for viruses with IgAse of H.
influenzae
Cell-mediated immunity - Answer-alter host response from cell-mediated (Th1) to
antibody (Th2) response
Infectious disease - Answer-cycle of biological interactions
Disease - Answer-damage caused by presence of microorganisms or their products
Colonization - Answer-Presence of microorganisms without disease at that point. This
term applies to surfaces only
Infection - Answer-When referring to a patient, "infection" always means disease
(opposite of colonization)
Carrier state - Answer-colonization with a pathogen
Pathogen - Answer-any organism that has the potential to cause disease
overt pathogens - Answer-have a high probability of causing disease in an otherwise
healthy host
opportunistic pathogens - Answer-have a low probability and usually require a
debilitated or compromised host
Normal flora - Answer-frequently found on or within the body of healthy persons
endogenous infection/disease - Answer-They can cause disease under the right
conditions
Microbiota - Answer-microorganisms in or on our body (can be pathogens, can change
over time)
colonized sites - Answer-alimentary/intestinal tract • upper respiratory tract • distal
genitourinary tract • skin
normally sterile sites - Answer-blood • CSF • interstitial fluid and spaces • lymph
Protective effects of normal flora - Answer-Priming immune system
with Answers
How proteases resist complement? (8-1) - Answer-Bacteria secretes protease which
degrades complement and keeps it from working
Extracellular bacteria - Answer-live outside phagocytes because otherwise they are
killed
Intracellular bacteria - Answer-Invade and grow within phagocytes
antiphagocytic functions of extracellular bacteria - Answer-inhibit recruitment, by
inhibiting complement
kill the phagocytes due to toxins
prevent opsonization, prevent binding because of slime layer
intracellular pathogen functions - Answer-• inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
escape phago(lyso)some into cytoplasm
inhibit oxidative burst
resist antimicrobial functions
What is the most active component of oxidative burst? - Answer-Superoxide O^2
What enzyme generates O^2? What happens if an individual cannot generate this
enzyme? - Answer-NADPH oxidase. Person will be more susceptible to bacteria
infection.
How do phagocytes kill in an oxygen dependent manner? - Answer-Oxidative burst
How can phagocytes kill in an oxygen independent manner? - Answer-Acid pH acidifies
the endosome
Lysozyme cuts the cell wall (Gram Pos)
Secrete cationic proteins (defensins) can kill bacteria
Lactoferrin binds iron
Adaptive immunity - Answer-Antibodies
antigenic mimicry - Answer-Bacteria synthesize microbial surface components to look
like the host
antigenic cloaking - Answer-bind host proteins to bacterial surface to look like the host
, antigenic variation - Answer-When host signals a immune response against a bacterial
antigen, some members of the bacterial population can change their antigens in real
time
antigenic variety - Answer-numerous serological types, have occurred over eons
degrade antibodies - Answer-way to escape antibodies for viruses with IgAse of H.
influenzae
Cell-mediated immunity - Answer-alter host response from cell-mediated (Th1) to
antibody (Th2) response
Infectious disease - Answer-cycle of biological interactions
Disease - Answer-damage caused by presence of microorganisms or their products
Colonization - Answer-Presence of microorganisms without disease at that point. This
term applies to surfaces only
Infection - Answer-When referring to a patient, "infection" always means disease
(opposite of colonization)
Carrier state - Answer-colonization with a pathogen
Pathogen - Answer-any organism that has the potential to cause disease
overt pathogens - Answer-have a high probability of causing disease in an otherwise
healthy host
opportunistic pathogens - Answer-have a low probability and usually require a
debilitated or compromised host
Normal flora - Answer-frequently found on or within the body of healthy persons
endogenous infection/disease - Answer-They can cause disease under the right
conditions
Microbiota - Answer-microorganisms in or on our body (can be pathogens, can change
over time)
colonized sites - Answer-alimentary/intestinal tract • upper respiratory tract • distal
genitourinary tract • skin
normally sterile sites - Answer-blood • CSF • interstitial fluid and spaces • lymph
Protective effects of normal flora - Answer-Priming immune system
