Pharmacodynamics (MDMA) -increased in serotonin level in synapses (blocking reuptake & stimulating reverse transport) -action on 5-HT2A receptors in particular -NE and DA levels increase as well (considered a psychomotor stimulant)
Pharmacokinetics (MDMA) -effects apparent within 1 hour of taking ...
BBH 451 Exam 3 Study Questions and
Solutions
Pharmacodynamics (MDMA) ✅-increased in serotonin level in synapses (blocking
reuptake & stimulating reverse transport)
-action on 5-HT2A receptors in particular
-NE and DA levels increase as well (considered a psychomotor stimulant)
Pharmacokinetics (MDMA) ✅-effects apparent within 1 hour of taking pill
-metabolite MDA is probably more potent than MDMA
Stacking ✅-taking 2nd or 3rd dose before 1st dissipates
-severe hypothermia, hypertension
-arrhythmia
-kidney failure
-symptoms cluster into serotonin syndrome
MDMA & etoh ✅-prolonged euphoria and feeling of well being;
-no additional effects on executive function, memory, psychomotor and attention
function
MDMA & cannabis ✅Attenuation of MDMA-induced hyperthermia; Memory deficit
MDMA & meth/amph ✅-severe long term cognitive, behavioral and neurological
changes
-increased neurotoxicity (increased risk for serotonin syndrome)
MDMA & caffeine ✅reduced drowsiness & fatigue
Pharmacodynamics (LSD) ✅-extremely potent (Hoffman's first intentional dose of
250mg was 10x than needed)
-agonist for 5-HT2A receptor
Pharmacokinetics ✅-rapid uptake by the brain
-effects begin 30-90 min, usually lasts between 4-12 hours (contaminants, environment
-- including flashbacks with no drug)
, Psilocybin ✅-converted to psilocin by removal of phosphate (similar to
dimethyltryptamine)
-intoxication lasts 3-4 hr
-grows in temp climates
-religious use primarily in native populations in Mexico
-FDA granted "breakthrough therapy designation"
Mescaline (peyote) ✅-intoxication lasts 8-10 hr
-grows naturally in SW Texas, Mexico
-religious use in North America including Navajo
-religious freedom restoration act (RFRA)
-might have use in reducing substance use
Bufotenin ✅-Found in higher concentrations in schizophrenics than controls (might be
synthesized by the pineal gland)
-Might act through Trace Amine-Associated Receptors (taars) - which are gpcrs
activated by phenylethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine and other rare amines
-Added to artificial versions of Ayahuasca
-Preclinical trials are underway for mood disorders
Cocaine hcl salt ✅-paste from leaves, which is dissolved & treated with hcl to
precipitate relatively pure drug
-this hcl salt form of cocaine is soluble in water -- easy for use
-generates euphoria
-generally snorted or injected, but not smoked
Freebase cocaine ✅made by adding ammonia & dissolving cocaine in ether
(explosive) to leave hcl behind in water
Crack ✅made by adding ammonia or sodium bicarbonate & heating to evaporate the
hcl (crackling noise when smoked)
Crack & freebase ✅-both more effective than hcl salt, but long-term difference in
addictiveness is small
-generally smoked
-speed of adminitration
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
