NR 465 Exam 2 Study Test with Correct
Answers
umbilical vein o2? - CORRECT ANSWER- has oxygen
umbilical arteries O2? - CORRECT ANSWER- NO oxygen
first fetal bypass - CORRECT ANSWER- ductus venosus
second fetal bypass - CORRECT ANSWER- ductus arterios
hole in the heart of a fetus - CORRECT ANSWER- formen ovale
Placenta - CORRECT ANSWER- The means of metabolic and nutrient exchange
between the embryonic and maternal circulations.
At 40 wks 15-20cm diameter, 2.5-3cm thick
Weighs 400-600g
Maternal side ("dirty duncan") and fetal side ("shiny schultz")
Functions include fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion
umbilical cord - CORRECT ANSWER- 2 arteries, 1 vein
Arteries - smaller, carry low oxygenated blood
Vein -large, carry highly oxygenated blood
Length -50-60cm
Wharton's jelly -surrounds cord; prevents compression (slippery and gooey so it doesn't
get knotted)
FX of amniotic fluid - CORRECT ANSWER- Act as cushion to prevent mechanical injury
Help control embryo's temperature
Permit symmetric growth
Prevent adherence of baby to amnion and allow free movement of baby
Allow umbilical cord to be free of compression
Provide fluid for analysis (fetal health and maturity)
Amniotic fluid contents - CORRECT ANSWER- Contents include fetal urine
Baby swallows fluid
Slightly alkaline
Volume is constantly changing as fluid moving back and forth across placenta
Oligohydramnios (too little)
<500 mls
Polyhydramnios (hydramnios) (too much)
>2000 mls
,Antepartum - CORRECT ANSWER- everything happening during pregnancy
3 trimesters - CORRECT ANSWER- First Trimester 0-12 weeks
Second Trimester 12-24 weeks
Third Trimester 24-40 weeks
how long is pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 weeks (10 months!!)
Phases of pregnancy
Antepartum
Intrapartum
Postpartum
postpartum - CORRECT ANSWER- birth - 6 weeks after
Diagnosis of Pregnancy (3 P's) - CORRECT ANSWER- Combination of presumptive,
probable, and positive changes/signs of pregnancy. This information is obtained through
history, physical, pelvic examination, laboratory, and diagnostic studies.
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Amenorrhea
Nausea and vomiting- common from wk 2-12
Excessive fatigue-first trimester
Urinary frequency
r/t pressure of enlarging uterus on bladder
Breast changes- may appear at 2-3 weeks
Enlargement, tenderness, and tingling
Increased vascularity
Quickening
First awareness of fetal movement ~ 18 weeks
Probable signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Goodell's sign, chadwick's sign,
hegar's sign; braxton hicks contractions; skin hyper pigmentation; striae; positive
pregnancy test
Goodell's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- softening of cervix and vagina with increased
leukorrheal discharge; seen at 6-8 wks
Chadwick's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- Bluish-purple coloration of cervix,vaginal
mucosa and vulva ; seen at 6-8 weeks.
Hegar's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- Softening of lower uterine segment; palpated at 6
wks
Abdominal enlargement
Braxton Hicks contractions - CORRECT ANSWER- fasle labor; cramping
,Skin Hyper pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER- Melasma/Chloasma, nipples and
aereola, and Linea Nigra
Striae - CORRECT ANSWER- stretch marks
Positive Signs of Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Visualization of baby by
ultrasound
Gestational sac
Fetal cardiac activity
Fetal heartbeat (110-160 bpm)
Fetoscope or Doppler
Fetal movement (palpated by examiner)
gravida - CORRECT ANSWER- pregnant woman
para - CORRECT ANSWER- how many pregnancies a woman has carried to viability
viability - CORRECT ANSWER- when the baby can live outside of the mother's womb:
currently 21 weeks
Abortion - CORRECT ANSWER- termination: woman purposely decides to end a
pregnancy
spontaneous: miscarriage
Less than 20 weeks
still birth - CORRECT ANSWER- after 20 weeks the baby dies
nulligravida - CORRECT ANSWER- never been pregnant
primigravida - CORRECT ANSWER- first time pregnant
multigravida - CORRECT ANSWER- multiple times preganat
gestation - CORRECT ANSWER- how far along a woman is into her pregnancy
term - CORRECT ANSWER- full term 37-42 weeks
preterm - CORRECT ANSWER- from 20 weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days
late preterm - CORRECT ANSWER- 35-37 weeks
post term (post dates) - CORRECT ANSWER- after 42 weeks
GTPAL - CORRECT ANSWER- Gravida-number of total pregnancies
Term - number of pregnancies carried 37-42 wks
Preterm -number of preterm pregnancies (less than 37 weeks)
, Abortions - total number of spontaneous abortions and terminations
Living children-number of current living children
Calculate the due date - CORRECT ANSWER- first day of her LMP (last menstrual
period)
Ultrasound dating
Naegle's Rule*
Use your phone!
Naegle's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER- First day of period LMP
Minus 3 months
Plus 7 days
Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy to woman - CORRECT ANSWER- decrease
BP
increase blood volume by 40-50%
increase in HR 15-20 BPM
Increase in cardiac output by 30-50%
increase in heart size
physiological anemia of pregnancy
hemodilution caused by increase of plasma volume being relatively larger than the
increase in RBC's causing a decrease in hemoglobin and decrease in hematocrit
Increase in WBC count
increase demand for iron in fetal development
hyper coagulability
Adaptations to pregnancy-cardiovasular - CORRECT ANSWER- increase in venous
pressure and decrease in blood flow to extremities 2/2 compression of iliac veins and
inferior vena cava
Cardiovascular changes: supine hypotensions/ Vena cava syndrome - CORRECT
ANSWER- Weight of the uterus compresses the vena cava, reducing the amount of
blood returned to her heart
Faintness
Lightheadedness
Agitation
Dizziness
Other changes in cardiovascular during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- orthostatic
hypotension
palpitations
pesueo-anemia
orthostatic hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER- Cardiac output suddenly decreases d/t
venous return from the lower body falls
Answers
umbilical vein o2? - CORRECT ANSWER- has oxygen
umbilical arteries O2? - CORRECT ANSWER- NO oxygen
first fetal bypass - CORRECT ANSWER- ductus venosus
second fetal bypass - CORRECT ANSWER- ductus arterios
hole in the heart of a fetus - CORRECT ANSWER- formen ovale
Placenta - CORRECT ANSWER- The means of metabolic and nutrient exchange
between the embryonic and maternal circulations.
At 40 wks 15-20cm diameter, 2.5-3cm thick
Weighs 400-600g
Maternal side ("dirty duncan") and fetal side ("shiny schultz")
Functions include fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion
umbilical cord - CORRECT ANSWER- 2 arteries, 1 vein
Arteries - smaller, carry low oxygenated blood
Vein -large, carry highly oxygenated blood
Length -50-60cm
Wharton's jelly -surrounds cord; prevents compression (slippery and gooey so it doesn't
get knotted)
FX of amniotic fluid - CORRECT ANSWER- Act as cushion to prevent mechanical injury
Help control embryo's temperature
Permit symmetric growth
Prevent adherence of baby to amnion and allow free movement of baby
Allow umbilical cord to be free of compression
Provide fluid for analysis (fetal health and maturity)
Amniotic fluid contents - CORRECT ANSWER- Contents include fetal urine
Baby swallows fluid
Slightly alkaline
Volume is constantly changing as fluid moving back and forth across placenta
Oligohydramnios (too little)
<500 mls
Polyhydramnios (hydramnios) (too much)
>2000 mls
,Antepartum - CORRECT ANSWER- everything happening during pregnancy
3 trimesters - CORRECT ANSWER- First Trimester 0-12 weeks
Second Trimester 12-24 weeks
Third Trimester 24-40 weeks
how long is pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 weeks (10 months!!)
Phases of pregnancy
Antepartum
Intrapartum
Postpartum
postpartum - CORRECT ANSWER- birth - 6 weeks after
Diagnosis of Pregnancy (3 P's) - CORRECT ANSWER- Combination of presumptive,
probable, and positive changes/signs of pregnancy. This information is obtained through
history, physical, pelvic examination, laboratory, and diagnostic studies.
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Amenorrhea
Nausea and vomiting- common from wk 2-12
Excessive fatigue-first trimester
Urinary frequency
r/t pressure of enlarging uterus on bladder
Breast changes- may appear at 2-3 weeks
Enlargement, tenderness, and tingling
Increased vascularity
Quickening
First awareness of fetal movement ~ 18 weeks
Probable signs of pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Goodell's sign, chadwick's sign,
hegar's sign; braxton hicks contractions; skin hyper pigmentation; striae; positive
pregnancy test
Goodell's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- softening of cervix and vagina with increased
leukorrheal discharge; seen at 6-8 wks
Chadwick's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- Bluish-purple coloration of cervix,vaginal
mucosa and vulva ; seen at 6-8 weeks.
Hegar's sign - CORRECT ANSWER- Softening of lower uterine segment; palpated at 6
wks
Abdominal enlargement
Braxton Hicks contractions - CORRECT ANSWER- fasle labor; cramping
,Skin Hyper pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER- Melasma/Chloasma, nipples and
aereola, and Linea Nigra
Striae - CORRECT ANSWER- stretch marks
Positive Signs of Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- Visualization of baby by
ultrasound
Gestational sac
Fetal cardiac activity
Fetal heartbeat (110-160 bpm)
Fetoscope or Doppler
Fetal movement (palpated by examiner)
gravida - CORRECT ANSWER- pregnant woman
para - CORRECT ANSWER- how many pregnancies a woman has carried to viability
viability - CORRECT ANSWER- when the baby can live outside of the mother's womb:
currently 21 weeks
Abortion - CORRECT ANSWER- termination: woman purposely decides to end a
pregnancy
spontaneous: miscarriage
Less than 20 weeks
still birth - CORRECT ANSWER- after 20 weeks the baby dies
nulligravida - CORRECT ANSWER- never been pregnant
primigravida - CORRECT ANSWER- first time pregnant
multigravida - CORRECT ANSWER- multiple times preganat
gestation - CORRECT ANSWER- how far along a woman is into her pregnancy
term - CORRECT ANSWER- full term 37-42 weeks
preterm - CORRECT ANSWER- from 20 weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days
late preterm - CORRECT ANSWER- 35-37 weeks
post term (post dates) - CORRECT ANSWER- after 42 weeks
GTPAL - CORRECT ANSWER- Gravida-number of total pregnancies
Term - number of pregnancies carried 37-42 wks
Preterm -number of preterm pregnancies (less than 37 weeks)
, Abortions - total number of spontaneous abortions and terminations
Living children-number of current living children
Calculate the due date - CORRECT ANSWER- first day of her LMP (last menstrual
period)
Ultrasound dating
Naegle's Rule*
Use your phone!
Naegle's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER- First day of period LMP
Minus 3 months
Plus 7 days
Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy to woman - CORRECT ANSWER- decrease
BP
increase blood volume by 40-50%
increase in HR 15-20 BPM
Increase in cardiac output by 30-50%
increase in heart size
physiological anemia of pregnancy
hemodilution caused by increase of plasma volume being relatively larger than the
increase in RBC's causing a decrease in hemoglobin and decrease in hematocrit
Increase in WBC count
increase demand for iron in fetal development
hyper coagulability
Adaptations to pregnancy-cardiovasular - CORRECT ANSWER- increase in venous
pressure and decrease in blood flow to extremities 2/2 compression of iliac veins and
inferior vena cava
Cardiovascular changes: supine hypotensions/ Vena cava syndrome - CORRECT
ANSWER- Weight of the uterus compresses the vena cava, reducing the amount of
blood returned to her heart
Faintness
Lightheadedness
Agitation
Dizziness
Other changes in cardiovascular during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER- orthostatic
hypotension
palpitations
pesueo-anemia
orthostatic hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER- Cardiac output suddenly decreases d/t
venous return from the lower body falls
