DAANCE EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

DAANCE EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS - Addison's Disease: ️ A disease due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids, characterized by low blood pressure, diarrhea, digestive disturbance, and a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin. - Adjunctive Agents: ️ Agents that supplement the primary anesthetic agents to augment or enhance the effects of the primary agent. - Allergenicity: ️ Having the property of an allergen, a substance that elicits an allergic response in sensitive individuals. - Alveolus (plural: Alveoli): ️ A small air sac within the lung. - Amide: ️ A chemical structure derived from ammonia; a group of amide local anesthetics widely used in dentistry (e.g., lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine). - Amnesia: ️ Failure to remember events related to surgery. - Analgesia: ️ Insensitivity to pain. - Anaphylaxis: ️ A severe allergic reaction marked by skin reactions, smooth muscle cramping, urinary incontinence, bronchoconstriction, respiratory difficulty, and cardiovascular collapse. - Anemia: ️ A reduction in the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. - Angina Pectoris: ️ Pain in the chest, with a feeling of suffocation, usually due to deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium. - Antecubital: ️ Situated in front of the elbow. - Antecubital Fossa: ️ The depression between the forearm and the upper arm, literally "in front of the elbow." - Anticholinergic: ️ A drug that counteracts the action of acetylcholine, blocking the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. - Antiemetic: ️ A drug that counteracts nausea and vomiting. - Antisialagogue: ️ A drug that counteracts the production of saliva. - Anxiolytic: ️ Drugs that reduce anxiety, agitation, or tension (e.g., Valium, midazolam). - Aorta: ️ The main trunk (a very large artery) from which the arterial system proceeds. - Apnea: ️ Absence or cessation of breathing. - Arrest Rhythms: ️ Cardiac rhythms indicating cardiac arrest; some may display rhythms like pulseless ventricular tachycardia, but without contraction. - Arrhythmia: ️ Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. - Arteriole: ️ Any of the very small arterial branches located at the end of an artery (furthest from the heart). - Artery: ️ A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. - Ascites: ️ Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. - Asystole: ️ Cardiac arrest where there is no rhythm display and no contraction. - Ataractics: ️ Pharmacologic agents that produce a tranquilizing effect. - Atherosclerosis: ️ A disease of the arteries characterized by plaques of fatty material on their inner walls. - Atrial Fibrillation: ️ Atrial arrhythmia characterized by rapid randomized contractions of the atrial myocardium, resulting in a totally irregular and often rapid ventricular rate. - Atrial Flutter: ️ A condition of cardiac arrhythmia where atrial contractions occur rapidly (200 to 320 per minute). - Atrial (Supraventricular) Rhythms: ️ Dysrhythmias in which the pacemaker is located in the atria above the ventricles. - Atrial Tachycardia: ️ Rapid heartbeat originating from the atria. - Atrioventricular Block (AV Block): ️ A cardiac conduction defect where impulses generated by the SA node are partially or completely blocked at the AV node. - Atrioventricular Node: ️ A microscopic collection of heart muscle fibers involved in the heart's electrical activity. - Atrium (plural: Atria): ️ An upper chamber of the heart; atria also exist in other parts of the body. - Automaticity: ️ The condition of being automatic. - Autonomic Nervous System: ️ The part of the nervous system concerned with the regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. - Balanced Anesthesia: ️ Anesthesia that relies on the use of several agents together, using smaller doses of each agent than would be required if used alone. - Barbiturates: ️ A group of pharmacologic agents with sedative properties, producing amnesia and a hypnotic effect (e.g., thiopental sodium, brevital). - Baroreceptor: ️ A sensory nerve ending stimulated by changes in pressure, as found in the walls of blood vessels. - Blood Dyscrasia: ️ Any abnormal condition of the blood. - Bolus: ️ A rapidly administered dose of medication, as compared to slow, steady administration via continuous infusion. - Brachial Artery: ️ Artery supplying blood to the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. - Brachiocephalic Artery: ️ The large artery on the right side of the neck distributing blood to the right side of the head, neck, and right arm. - Bradycardia: ️ Slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute). - Bronchiole: ️ One of the finer (1 mm or less) subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree. - Bronchus: ️ Any of the larger air passages of the lungs. - Bundle of His (HISS): ️ A small band of atypical cardiac muscle fibers propagating the atrial contraction rhythm to the ventricles. - Capillary: ️ Minute vessels connecting arterioles and venules, forming a network in nearly all parts of the body. - Capnography: ️ Measurement and recording of the amount of carbon dioxide in exhaled air. - Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Arrhythmias): ️ Rhythm disturbances of the heart. - Cardiac Cycle: ️ The complete cardiac movement (systolic and diastolic) with the interval between them; the number of cycles per minute is the heart rate. - Cardiac Output: ️ The total amount of blood pumped by either ventricle per unit of time, typically volume per minute; equal to stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. - Cardioacceleratory Center (CAC): ️ A group of neurons in the brain stem involved in accelerating heart action. - Cardioinhibitory Center (CIC): ️ A group of neurons in the brain stem that inhibit heart action via the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve).