MLT 106 Unit 2 Questions with All
Correct Answers
What are the DNA repair systems? - Answer-Photoreactivation, excision repair,
recombinational repair, mismatch repair, SOS repair
When can thymine bases be altered and what does it develop? - Answer-After exposure
to UV radiation to develop thymine dimers
Photoreactivation repair - Answer-Involves a photoreactivation enzyme (PRE) that
cleaves the bonds between thymine dimers
Supplies correct strand of DNA when an error is deleted - Answer-Recombinational
repair
When are incorrect nucleotides removed and what are they replaced with? - Answer-
Removed during proofreading
Replaced with mismatch pair enzymes
When is SOS repair induced? - Answer-When DNA or cell damage occurs
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Answer-A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by
incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
What is the "go between" or "link" of DNA? - Answer-RNA
What dos RNA store? - Answer-Genetic information and protein
What is the final product of the expression of genetic information? - Answer-Proteins
What replaces thymine in RNA? - Answer-Uracil (prymidine); pairs with Adenine
What substitutes deoxyribose in RNA? - Answer-Sugar ribose
What is at the carbon position in RNA vs DNA? - Answer-Hydroxyl group=RNA
Hydrogen=DNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - Answer--Ribosomal
-Most abundant
-RNA translated into peptide
-Most consistent
, -RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) - Answer--RNA transcribed from DNA
-Encodes specific genes (determining various blood groups)
-Post synthesis processing before transferring out of the nucleus and translated
-RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA
tRNA (transfer RNA) - Answer--Brings amino acids to ribosomes mRNA
-Charged with only one species of amino acid
-Hydrogen bonding to acquire formal structure
-Bonding stabilizes
Small RNA molecules (sRNA) - Answer--Silenced RNA molecules
-Altered in amount and type during cellular growth and differentiation
Protein synthesis - Answer-Creation of polypeptide chains based on the genetic info
encoded in the DNA molecule
What are the two processes of protein synthesis? - Answer-1. Transcription
2. Translation
DNA is copied into RNA by ____ and then _____ into protein - Answer-Transcription
Translated
Transcription - Answer--Cellular process which DNA is copied into RNA producing a
complementary RNA strand
-The transfer of genetic info from DNA into mRNA
-Begins when RNA Polymerase II binds to the region upstream (left of the 5' start site)
of a gene
What are the two regions in the transcription process? - Answer--Promoter region
-Enhancer region
Parental Pure - Answer-The first generation of a study
Consisted of all red or all white flowers
Either homozygous for red flowers or for white flowers
What is science concerned with regarding genetics? - Answer-The chemical and
physical nature of genes and the mechanism by which genes control development of an
organism
Genetics is the _____ of information among many different levels - Answer-Transfer
What is the foundation level of a molecule and backbone of heredity called? - Answer-
DNA
Correct Answers
What are the DNA repair systems? - Answer-Photoreactivation, excision repair,
recombinational repair, mismatch repair, SOS repair
When can thymine bases be altered and what does it develop? - Answer-After exposure
to UV radiation to develop thymine dimers
Photoreactivation repair - Answer-Involves a photoreactivation enzyme (PRE) that
cleaves the bonds between thymine dimers
Supplies correct strand of DNA when an error is deleted - Answer-Recombinational
repair
When are incorrect nucleotides removed and what are they replaced with? - Answer-
Removed during proofreading
Replaced with mismatch pair enzymes
When is SOS repair induced? - Answer-When DNA or cell damage occurs
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Answer-A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by
incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
What is the "go between" or "link" of DNA? - Answer-RNA
What dos RNA store? - Answer-Genetic information and protein
What is the final product of the expression of genetic information? - Answer-Proteins
What replaces thymine in RNA? - Answer-Uracil (prymidine); pairs with Adenine
What substitutes deoxyribose in RNA? - Answer-Sugar ribose
What is at the carbon position in RNA vs DNA? - Answer-Hydroxyl group=RNA
Hydrogen=DNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - Answer--Ribosomal
-Most abundant
-RNA translated into peptide
-Most consistent
, -RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) - Answer--RNA transcribed from DNA
-Encodes specific genes (determining various blood groups)
-Post synthesis processing before transferring out of the nucleus and translated
-RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA
tRNA (transfer RNA) - Answer--Brings amino acids to ribosomes mRNA
-Charged with only one species of amino acid
-Hydrogen bonding to acquire formal structure
-Bonding stabilizes
Small RNA molecules (sRNA) - Answer--Silenced RNA molecules
-Altered in amount and type during cellular growth and differentiation
Protein synthesis - Answer-Creation of polypeptide chains based on the genetic info
encoded in the DNA molecule
What are the two processes of protein synthesis? - Answer-1. Transcription
2. Translation
DNA is copied into RNA by ____ and then _____ into protein - Answer-Transcription
Translated
Transcription - Answer--Cellular process which DNA is copied into RNA producing a
complementary RNA strand
-The transfer of genetic info from DNA into mRNA
-Begins when RNA Polymerase II binds to the region upstream (left of the 5' start site)
of a gene
What are the two regions in the transcription process? - Answer--Promoter region
-Enhancer region
Parental Pure - Answer-The first generation of a study
Consisted of all red or all white flowers
Either homozygous for red flowers or for white flowers
What is science concerned with regarding genetics? - Answer-The chemical and
physical nature of genes and the mechanism by which genes control development of an
organism
Genetics is the _____ of information among many different levels - Answer-Transfer
What is the foundation level of a molecule and backbone of heredity called? - Answer-
DNA
