This is a summary of socialisation where I use the freyman technique which includes the functionalist perspective a functionalist perspective of socialisation and examples what happens when there is no socialisation at all. I also explained secondary socialisation and how it is reinforced through i...
Socialisation
The process of internalising societal norms and ideas is known as
socialisation in sociology. Learning and teaching are both a part of
socialisation, which is "the means through which social and cultural
continuity are attained." There are 2 types of socialisation, which are primary
sociolisation and secondary socialisation.
Primary socialisation takes place when a child learns the values, beliefs and
attitudes of their culture through parents and family. Since family is the
agent of primary socialisation meaning family is an institution that socialises
us to become members of society. An example of primary socialisation is
toilet training the children’s relatives would be the one reinforcing the
negative and positive behaviour in order for the child to internalise what is
right and what is wrong, in other words, morality, for instance as mentioned
before the positive behaviour would be the child going to the bathroom
instead of peeing on his underwear and the parents would praise them with
physical contact and praising the child, on the other hand, if the child does
the opposite they would be told off by their parents and would cause
discomfort in the child meaning they would most likely do the behaviour or
actions that have been positively reinforced by their family. Functionalists
have a very interesting perspective on this topic. According to functionalists,
families create social order through their own shared norms and values,
meaning they transmit these values and share them, this is called values
consensus meaning everyone in society shares the same values. This idea is
reinforced through the sociologist parson’s perspective towards primary
socialisation, since he mentions that family is a ‘personality factory’ because
it turns out your citizens are committed to the rules, norms, and beliefs that
male values consensus and, therefore, social order is possible. Parson also
mentions a theory called ‘empty vessel’ which consists of children starting
with no knowledge about the world and society and our parents transmit
cultural values to their children to fit into wider society in order to maintain
social order in society. Another sociologist who talks about primary
socialisation is Marxist reinforces Parson’s beliefs, since Marxists argues that
family socialises their children to be obedient by teaching them what the
punishment what the accepted behaviour of society is and reinforcing it
through punishments positive and negative reinforcement. However,
Marxists also argue that there are capitalist ideologies transmitted through
primary socialisation, families do this because this accepted behaviour to be
obedient will be mirrored later on in society as workers who do not comply or
are not obedient in the workforce will receive other sanctions. This benefits
capitalism since society is creating obedient puppies to be bossed around by
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