HUN 1201 Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

HUN 1201 Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions 25-29.9 - Answer️️ -a body mass of how many kg/m is considered overweight 30+ - Answer️️ -a body mass of how many kg/m is considered obese body mass index - Answer️️ -the ratio of weight to height squared. 40-70% - Answer️️ -what percentage does genetics contribute to obesity leptin - Answer️️ -an obesity gene, it is a hormone produced by adipose tissue. the greater the adipose tissue the more leptin levels increase. obesity - Answer️️ -it is caused by an over abundance of food and lack of activity and can cause chronic inflammation chronic inflammation - Answer️️ -a condition characterized by a chronically active immune response which causes invasion of monocytes which spits signals out that leads to cell death causing metabolic syndrome disorders food intake - Answer️️ -it is controlled by the coordination of the nervous system and hormones which all control hunger, appetite, and satiety. hunger - Answer️️ -the need to eat food which is triggered by internal physiological signals. It is stimulated by low blood glucose and nutrients level and mediated by ghrelin. all takes place in the hypothalamus and can occur before satiety subsides. ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 ghrelin - Answer️️ -a hormone produced and secreted by the stomach and duodenum which affects food intake. appetite - Answer️️ -the psychological desire to eat; can exist without hunger. satiety - Answer️️ -the feeling of fullness which occurs both short term and long term and together they suppress appetite. short term satiety - Answer️️ -(the brakes) it is controlled by the vagus nerve, blood nutrients, and insulin to produce the feeling of fullness long term satiety - Answer️️ -(turns off engine) it is controlled by leptin to produce the feeling of fullness energy expenditure - Answer️️ -it has 4 components and can be determined by direct or indirect calorimetry processes indirect calorimetry - Answer️️ -calculation based on gas exchange (o2/co2). the volume of oxygen consumed during activity. direct calorimetry - Answer️️ -directly measures the heat produced by an active individual (involves a chamber) respiratory exchange ratio - Answer️️ -RER- is also useful because it can determine fuel utilization BMR, physical activity, thermic effect of feeding, growth and adaptation - Answer️️ -the 4 components of energy expenditure? Basal Metabolic rate - Answer️️ -it predicts the energy cost of living and is the largest component of energy expenditure but at its lowest during sleep. It is measured in calories. ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 heart, lungs, brain, kidneys - Answer️️ -organs that contribute to BMR physical activity - Answer️️ -it is above BMR and is the most adaptable component of energy expenditure. It is mediated by intensity and duration which determines the size of EPOC. Excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption - Answer️️ -it is referred to as the "afterburn" and requires energy for recovery from physical activity Thermic effect of feeding - Answer️️ -a component of energy expenditure which is often left out of calculation, it is the energy required for the digestion and metabolism of food. growth and adaptation - Answer️️ -a component of energy expenditure which is a variable difficult to quantify, it is the energy required for growth and development and is greatest from birth to early adulthood. lab testing and anthropometric data - Answer️️ -measuring health can be quantified by what? anthropometric data - Answer️️ -using BMI, body composition and hip to waist ratio to determine human health Body mass index - Answer️️ -the most commonly used meth