NACC Review Exam/170 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 with complete solutions

NACC Review Exam/170 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 with complete solutions NACC Review Exam/170 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 with complete solutions 1. The functions of the large intestine include: a. Absorption of water & feces storage b. Absorption of nutrients & feces elimination c. Absorption of water & bile production d. Absorption of nutrients & feces storage 2. The basic functioning unit of the body is: a. An b. A cell c. A membrane d. A tissue 3. Child or elder abuse: a. Must be reported b. Is most often minor & does not lead to injury c. Occurs at least once in most families d. Is none of your business 4. Mom, Dad, sibling, grandparents & cousins are part of: a. Single parent family b. Extended family c. Blended family d. Descendent family 5. Each system of the body is composed of: a. Tissue, organs & muscles b. Cells, tissue & bones c. Tissues, muscles & bones d. 6. Normal hormonal changes during adolescence may cause: a. Rapid weight loss b. Increased emotional stability c. Mood changes d. All of the above 7. PSW’s role in the family may include: a. Being alert to situations that may add stress or harm to the family b. Providing a safe & secure environment c. Maintaining daily routines d. All of the above 8. If the client has DNR order at the time of death, it means: a. Begin CPR if the family is insisting you do so b. No CPR will be initiated c. In the hospital a code will be called d. All of the above 9. The stiffness or rigidity of skeletal muscles after a client dies is known as: a. Contractions b. Postmortem c. Rigor mortis d. Peristalsis 10. PSW can help the family of a dying client by: a. Asking a clergy member to visit them b. Encouraging family members to give care c. Staying in the room with the family & client as much as possible d. Asking family to visit for a short period of time only 11. A living will: a. Instructs Doctors not to start or remove measures that prolong life b. States life support measures continues until the person is resuscitated c. States no attempts will be made to resuscitate the person d. Gives the right to make decisions about their health to another person 12. The client asks to see a priest at 2am.You would: a. b. Tell the client you will call the priest in the morning c. Tell the client to go back to sleep d. Ask the client why he/she wants to see the priest 13. By avoiding a dying client, the PSW violates their: a. Right to have their needs met at all times b. Right to be left alone c. Right to be cared for d. All of the above 14. When a Palliative Care client appears to be very sad, cries a lot & says very little then he/she is in the stage of: a. Negotiating b. Depression c. Withdrawal d. Resolution 15. In order to relax sore muscles, relieve joint pain & increase blood circulation the PSW would: b. Give suppository c. Apply cold d. Recommend bed rest 16. A client is using O2 at bedtime only. The “No Smoking” sign is posted: a. It is not necessary if everyone in the home is careful b. Outside the apartment door c. Outside the bedroom door d. All of the above 17. You notice that a bottle of Amoxicillin Suspension has been sitting on the kitchen counter since you arrived. The label reads “Shake Well” & “Keep Refrigerated”. The Best course of action would be to: a. b. Advise the client that he/she should read the labels more carefully c. Ignore it as you are only there for meal prep d. Put it in the refrigerator for the client 18. Medication supervision is not part of your role with Mr. Smith. He remarks he has taken his BP meds for 2 months now & feel so much better that he thinks he does not require the meds any longer. He also mentions to you that he has stopped taking them. The best way to deal with this situation is to: a. Ignore it. Medications are not your responsibility b. Sit down with Mr. Smith & explain the importance of taking the meds as ordered c. Notify your supervisor d. Suggest to him that he might like to talk to his DR. 19. You are working in LTC. You notice that a resident has not swallowed her pills & spits them out after the nurse has left. You should: a. Not interfere as it is not your responsibility b. Give her applesauce & insist that she swallows it c. Report she has not swallowed her pills on the chart d. Tell the nurse who is administering the meds 20. While assisting with bath you notice a rash on the resident’s back. You know she has been on an antibiotic for 4 days now. The best course of action is: a. Tell the resident not to take the med & document the rash b. Report the rash immediately c. Apply some calamine lotion on her back to relieve the itch d. Ignore the rash & hope it is not from the antibiotics 21. Lack or absence of breathing is known as: a. Hypoxia b. Apnea c. Dyspnea d. Orthopnea 22. Rehabilitation focuses on: a. The psychological aspects of care b. Goals set by the Physiotherapist c. The physical aspects of care d. 23. PSW is frustrated with the client’s slow progress. The PSW should: a. Take a break from the client & care for another client b. The PSW should tell the client how he/she is feeling c. Be firm & encourage the client to work harder d. The PSW should discuss his/her feelings with the supervisor 24. Which of the following measure does not promote oxygenation? a. Coughing & deep breathing b. Positioning the client in Semi- Fowler’s position c. Having the client use an incentive spirometer d. Allowing the client to rest in the same position for 5 hours 25. A medication with a local effect means that it: a. Can be used on arms & legs only b. Can be obtained at the drug store c. Acts at the point of contact d. Penetrates deep into the muscle tissue 26. The client does not feel he is making progress & he is angry. You should: a. Ask him to speak with his DR. b. Offer sympathy c. Tell him being angry will not help him progress d. 27. The client tells you that her regular homemaker applies a medicated cream to her back. She insists on you doing it & becomes angry when you advise her that you cannot. What is the best course of action? a. Guide her hand as she applies the cream herself as you have not been delegated b. Ask her to direct you through the application c. Tell her she will have to do without it until her regular homemaker returns d. Do it to shut her up then call the agency after you leave the client’s home 28. When a client is over 85 years of age they are considered a. Geriatric b. Ancient c. Old – old d. Over the hill 29. Which statement about hearing aids is correct? a. The battery is left in so as not to lose it b. Hearing aids correct the hearing issue c. Hearing aids amplify sound d. The hearing aid must be cleaned with soap & warm water nightly 30. To communicate with a hearing impaired client, you should: a. Approach the client from behind b. Speak clearly, distinctly & slowly c. Speak loudly but clearly d. All of the above 31. When a client has had a stroke: a. Good skin care is imperative b. Rehabilitation starts after the client is conscious c. Deep breathing & coughing is encouraged only when in bed d. All of the above 32. The client has a leg cast. Which of the following is incorrect? a. Turn the client as directed b. Cover the cast with blanket c. Use pillows to support the cast d. Keep the cast dry 33. Cataract is an eye disorder in which: a. Eye pain is common b. Pressure within the eye is increased c. The optic nerve is damaged d. 34. When caring for a client with hip fracture you should never: a. Prevent external rotation of the leg b. Keep the leg adducted at all times c. Perform ROM exercises as directed d. Provide good skin care 35. If the battery in the client’s smoke detector is not working you should: a. Not worry about it as it is not your job b. Call the fire department c. Notify the supervisor d. Bring in a battery to replace it 36. The evening clock says 8:50. The 24-hour clock reads: b. 0850 c. 850 d. 20:50 37. Effective communication includes: a. Verbal & non – verbal communication b. A sender & a receiver c. Open & closed Q’s d. Empathy & sympathy 38. You should wash your hands thoroughly: a. Whenever you touch the client or their belongings b. At least once during the shift c. Before talking to your clients d. Only when your hands are contaminated 39. The statement that does not block communications: a. “I’m sure the DR knows what is best for you.” b. “Would you like to talk about what is bothering you?” c. “Don’t worry everything will be fine. I promise.” d. “This is a great facility. Things could be much worse.” 40. When planning care for several residents you should first assist the resident who needs to: a. Talk b. Toilet c. Shower d. Dress 41. When a client is up late watching TV the PSW should: a. Tell the client that they must follow the rules & turn off the TV by 2100. b. c. Turn the room light out by 2100 when the hall lights go out d. Tell the nurse in charge that the client probably needs a sleeping pill 42. To maintain normal fluid balance a person should receive in a 24 hr. period: a. ml b. ml c. ml d. 1500 – 2000ml 43. Failure to ensure the provision of basic human needs when caring for someone refers to: a. Psychological abuse b. c. Emotional abuse d. Physical abuse 44. A PSW can prevent contractures by: a. Encouraging the walking program b. Setting up daily routines c. Providing an extensive exercise program d. 45. To find out the correct isolation procedures the PSW should ask: a. The RN b. The Dr. c. The family d. The client 46. Over-involvement with a client can include: a. b. Making the client’s favorite meal c. A mutually consented hug d. All of the above 47. Movement of a body part away from the body is called: a. Adduction b. Abduction c. Rotation d. Extension 48. Over medicating a client to keep him/her quiet is a form of: a. Negligence b. Psychological abuse c. Neglect d. Verbal abuse 49. An excellent support for the hand when in a sitting position will be: a. A pillow b. A sling c. A washcloth d. All of the above 50. According to Canada Food Guide (CFG) adults should eat how many servings of fruit & vegetables per day? a. 6-12 b. 1-2 c. 5-10 d. 3-5 51. Some epileptics know they are about to experience a seizure by the presence of: a. A recognition b. An intuition c. An aura d. A sensation 52. Random urine specimen is collected: a. After the 1st voiding of the day b. 1st thing in the morning c. Any time of the day d. 1 hr. before the lab arrives 53. An example of carbohydrate is: a. Cheese b. Pasta c. Nuts d. Pudding 54. Routine care in a LTC facility is recorded: a. Before the care is given b. Before going on break c. Immediately upon completion d. At the end of the shift 55. An artificial replacement of a missing body is: a. A transplant b. A prosthesis c. A splint d. An amputation 56. Frail elderly client usually has: a. Clear, pale skin b. Moist, soft skin c. Strong, thick skin d. 57. Soiled linens are placed: a. On the bedside table b. On the floor c. On the chair d. In the hamper 58. Rehab is concerned with: a. Physical & emotional capabilities b. Physical disabilities c. The whole person d. Physical capabilities 59. A person will lose their primary teeth: a. At the end of the toddler years b. At the end of preschool years c. At the end of a serious disease d. At the end of primary school 60. When a client’s hair is seriously tangled you should: a. Take them to the hair dresser b. Cut out the tangles c. Wet the hair before combing d. Comb 1 small section at a time 61. Makeup is applied for a female client in order to: a. Make the client look better for visitors b. Because the family has requested it c. Complete the A.M care d. Promote a positive self- image 62. When you place an extremity in a hot water basin this is called: a. Hot soak b. Hot bath c. Hot pack d. Hot compress 63. use of restraints can cause: b. Anorexia c. Burns d. Fatigue 64. When a new baby comes into the home, a toddler may experience a period of: a. Expression b. Adjustment c. Progression d. 65. Swelling of the body due to retention of water is called: a. Inflation b. Edema c. Absorption d. Dehydration 66. A nursing mother requires: a. Extra tea & coffee with meals b. A low calorie diet c. Foods which are high in carbohydrates d. At least 3 servings of milk products per day 67. Safety measures in LTC include: a. Using restraints PRN b. Wearing slippers at all times c. One color floor coverings d. Non – glare waxed floors 68. Nosocomial infections are: a. Brought in by travelers b. Caused by eating contaminated food c. Not really a medical term d. 69. To help prevent SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) you should: a. Put the baby to sleep in his/her side b. Put the baby to sleep on his/her back c. Put the baby to sleep near the parent’s room d. Put the baby to sleep on his/her stomach 70. When caring for a blind client you should: a. Use Braille to communicate b. Raise your voice so the client can hear you c. Make your presence known by speaking d. Re- arrange furniture so the room is clutter free 71. When a circular opening expands, it: a. Stenosis b. Dilates c. Constricts d. Reduces 72. CVA is also known as: a. Diabetes b. Stroke c. Pneumonia d. Heart attack 73. When a cough is productive it: a. Interferes with breathing b. Becomes worse c. Causes pain d. Produces sputum 74. NPO means: a. Whenever necessary b. No person admitted c. Nothing by mouth d. Note pressure only 75. When administering eye drops it is best to position the client: a. With the eyes slightly closed b. With the head tilted slightly away from you c. With the head tilted slightly back d. With the head tilted slightly forward 76. If a client asks you to remove this splint at hs you should: a. Call the supervisor b. Refer to the care plan c. Advise the client it should be on at all times d. Take it off as requested 77. The natural expulsion of air from the lungs & stomach after death will cause the body to: a. Look bloated b. Remain flat c. Make the body “dead weight” d. 78. The 5 rights of medication include: a. Right person, drug, time, dosage, route b. Right dose, label, client, day, medication c. Right person, color, amount, day, route d. Right person, place, time, amount, dosage 79. Medications given before a meal are written as: a. pc b. ac c. bc d. oc 80. When caring for a dying client you should: a. Hold their hand at all times b. Keep the room well lit c. Remove unnecessary equipment d. Keep visitors to a minimum 81. Persons in a stage of denial: a. Try & fight the disease b. Are angry & aggressive c. Refuse to believe they are dying d. Make deals with GOD. 82. When applying a transdermal patch, gloves are worn to: a. Protect the client from your germs b. Prevent catching the client’s skin problem c. Keep the medication from your skin d. All of the above 83. When dispensing pills from a bottle you drop the pills into: a. The dosette b. The lid of the bottle c. The medication cup d. The client’s hand 84. Human growth refers to: a. Emotional maturity b. Social interactions c. Psychological functioning d. 85. When making a bed the PSW should: a. Place the soiled linens of the floor b. Shake the linens out to decrease wrinkles c. Follow rules of medical asepsis d. Make the bed from the top to bottom 86. The food containing the most fat is: a. Meat & beans b. Breads & cereals c. 2% milk & cheese d. Fruits & vegetables 87. The best way to approach decubitus ulcers is to: a. Provide good nutrition b. Treat as prescribed c. Prevent d. Keep on bed rest 88. Reality orientation includes: a. Providing choice therapy b. Encouraging story telling c. Allowing for social interaction d. Reminding the client of the time of day. 89. Bacteria which forms on the teeth is called: a. Fuss b. Tarter c. Plaque d. Calculus 90. Persons moving into a LTC will experience: a. Loss b. Regression c. Bereavement d. Guilt 91. Emphysema is a type of: a. COPD b. Pneumonia c. Heart failure d. Fluid retention 92. When caring for a client with a colostomy it is important to: a. Wear a mask b. Prevent skin breakdown c. Change the bag everyday d. Apply the bag loosely 93. An exaggerated belief about one’s importance is called: a. Delusion of hallucination b. Delusion of persecution c. Delusion of persuasion d. 94. When your client is confused you should: a. Keep the TV on to help orient her b. Raise your voice to be sure she hears you c. Explain simply each activity before it happens d. Protect her from a stimulating environment 95. Risk factors of developing Alzheimer’s disease include: a. Race & gender b. Family history of Down’s Syndrome c. Age & family history d. A & B 96. Validation therapy is useful when a resident is suffering from: a. Concussion b. Dementia c. Mental health disease d. All of the above 97. The part of the personality that deals with thoughts, feelings & good sense is the: a. Unconscious b. Ego c. Id d. Superego 98. When caring for a client with a mental illness your responsibilities include: a. Being flexible at all times b. Allowing the client to set routine c. Giving the client as many choices as possible d. Following the care plan to provide consistency 99. A program that helps dying persons & their family is: a. Home care b. Hospice c. Hospital d. Chronic care 100. 100. a. b. c. d. Examples of Advanced Directives are: Final will & trust fund Living will & power of attorney Retirement fund & old age security Funeral & burial plans 101. 101. a. b. c. d. An illness that leads to “end of life” stage is called: Life threatening Chronic Terminal Contagious 102. A co- worker tells you that a doctor & nurse are dating. This is: a. Sexual harassment b. Eavesdropping c. Gossip d. Confidential information 103. 103. a. b. c. Mrs. Smith has an order for NPO. This means that: She is encouraged to drink a variety of fluids Fluids are restricted Records are kept of oral intake She cannot drink or eat anything 104. 104. a. b. c. d. Which of the following would not be a communication barrier? Minimal eye contact Sitting with arms crossed Good listening skills Minimal encouragement 105. 105. a. c. d. Which of the following statement is false regarding HIV & AIDS? The person is always at risk for infection The person always shows some S&S Standard Precautions are practices & the blood borne pathogen standard is followed There may be signs of CNS damage 106. 106. a. The safest way to identify a client is to: Check the ID band while calling the person by name c. Check the room number on the client’s door d. Call the client by name 107. 107. a. c. d. Looking at things from another’s point of view is called: Politeness Empathy Courtesy Sympathy 108. 108. a. b. c. d. When log rolling a client, you must: Turn the client as a unit in alignment with the bed Lower the bed to the lowest position Make sure the bed is in Fowlers position Lower both bed rails 109. The study of aging process is called: a. Ophthalmology Gerontology c. Obstetrics d. Hematology 110. 110. a. b. c. d. You are dealing with an agitated client. Which is incorrect? Stand as close to the client as possible Do not touch the client Talk to the client in a calm manner Position yourself close to the door 111. 111. a. c. d. The largest part of the brain & the centre of thought & intelligence is the: Brain stem Cerebrum Cerebellum Midbrain 112. 112. a. c. d. Where does digestion begin? In the duodenum In the mouth In the stomach In the esophagus 113. 113. a. c. d. The Dr. ordered increased fluid intake for an elderly client. You should: Start the Bladder training program Give most of the fluid before 1800 Insert an indwelling catheter Provide water mostly 114. 114. a. b. c. As a client, Mr. John has the right to: Refuse treatment Consideration & respectful care Information about her Dx, treatment & prognosis 115. 115. a. c. d. The written guide giving directions about care a client should receive is the: Chart Care plan Kardex Medical record 116. 116. a. Which of the following is false regarding delegation? The delegating nurse is responsible for the safe completion of the task c. Delegated task must be safe for the PSW d. Delegated task must be in the PSW’s scope of practice 117. PSW can protect pressure ulcers by: a. Performing ROM b. Proving good skin care c. Turning & repositioning the client as directed d. 118. 118. a. b. c. d. Heat applications are used for all of the following except: Decrease joint stiffness Control bleeding Relieve pain Relax muscles 119. 119. a. b. c. d. Which drainage is green, yellow or brown? Serous drainage Sanguineous drainage Purulent drainage Serosanguineous drainage 120. 120. a. b. c. d. The lack or absence of breathing is: Orthopnea Apnea Dyspnea Hypoxia 121. 121. a. b. c. d. Mental retardation: Is always severe Affects the motor region of the brain Can occur before, during or after birth Is caused by an extra chromosome 122. 122. a. b. c. d. Sun downing means that: The client is in the 3rd stage of the disease Behaviors become worse in the late afternoon & evening hours Behavior improves at night The person becomes sleepy when the sun sets 123. 123. a. b. c. d. Which statement about Multiple Sclerosis is true? Men are affected more than women The onset is sudden Symptoms usually start after 60 years of age 124. Rectal temperatures are taken when: a. A client has heart disease b. The oral route cannot be used c. A child is 4 years old or younger d. A client has rectal surgery 125. 125. a. b. c. d. Vomiting is dangerous because of the possibility of: Fluid retention Stroke Aspiration Cardiac arrest 126. 126. a. b. c. d. Cataract in an eye disorder in which: The lens become cloudy The optic nerve is damaged Severe eye pain is common Pressure within the eye is increased 127. 127. a. b. c. d. A client has cystitis. This is: Inflammation of the bladder Kidney infection Kidney stones UTI 128. 128. a. b. c. d. Which is a symptom? Vomiting Pulse: 78bpm Pain Redness 129. Mr. Doe is masturbating in the dining room. You should do all of the following except: a. Report to the nurse b. Scold him for his bad behavior c. Cover him & take him quietly to his room d. Provide privacy & protect his rights 130. 130. a. b. c. d. The substance in RBC that carries O2 & gives blood its color is: Leukocytes Plasma Protoplasm Hemoglobin 131. The values & beliefs of a group passed from 1 generation to the next is: a. Holism b. Religion c. Self-actualization d. 132. 132. a. b. c. d. Brad’s cord has not yet healed. His diaper should be: Disposable Loose over the cord Snug over the cord 133. 133. a. b. c. d. Paralysis on 1 side of the body is called: Coma Quadriplegia Hemiplegia Paraplegia 134. 134. a. b. c. d. A client is tied in a chair to prevent him/her from wandering. This is called: Assault False imprisonment Slander Verbal abuse 135. 135. a. b. c. d. The goal of the health care team is to: Make $$$$ Assign tasks & responsibilities Provide case management 136. 136. a. b. c. d. Death of a partner results in the loss of a: Lover Friend Companion All of the above 137. Newborns have certain reflexes. Which reflex is necessary for feeding ( it guides the baby’s mouth to the nipple): a. Startle reflex b. Rooting reflex c. Sucking reflex d. Grasping reflex 138. Who is responsible for the entire nursing staff & the activities involved in providing safe care? a. Nursing supervisor b. Case manager c. Director of Nursing d. RN 139. 139. a. b. c. d. A restraint attached to the client’s body & a stationary object is a: Active physical restraint Chemical restraint Passive restraint Full bed rail 140. 140. a. c. d. Masks prevent the spread of microbes from: The skin Respiratory tract GI tract All of the above 141. 141. a. b. c. d. Good oral hygiene: Allows buildup & plaque Is only done once a day Mouth odors & infections Is not important for an unconscious client 142. 142. a. b. c. You observe a black, tarry stool. This is called: Hemastone Occult blood Feces Melena 143. 143. a. b. c. You are on lunch break. Which is false? The RN needs to know that you are off the unit Family members can meet you You can make personal phone calls You can take a few extra minutes if necessary 144. The intentional attempt or threat to touch a person’s body without the person’s consent is: a. Defamation b. Assault c. False imprisonment d. Battery 145. You are instructed to strain Mrs.W’s urine. You know that straining urine is done to find: a. Urgency b. Hematuria c. Stones d. Nocturia 146. 146. a. b. c. An infection acquired after admission to health care agency is a: Non pathogen Hepatitis infection Communicable disease 147. 147. a. b. c. Muscle atrophy is: Bending backward The abnormal shortening of muscles Excessive straightening of a body part Decrease in the size of or wasting away of muscle tissue 148. 148. a. b. c. d. Passive ROM is performed by: The client with the use of a trapeze The client Health care team member The client with assistance of another 149. 149. a. b. c. HIV virus is spread by: holding hands Sneezing Insects Unprotected sex 150. 150. a. b. c. d. Which of the following is not a measure used to promote sleep? Eating a bed time snack Reducing noise Drinking alcohol at bedtime Following bedtime rituals 151. 151. a. c. d. The type of bed used for a person arriving on a stretcher is: An occupied bed An open bed A classed bed A surgical bed 152. A client with a persistent BP above 140/90 has: a. Anxiety b. Tachycardia c. Hypertension d. Hypotension 153. 153. a. b. c. d. Mrs. Jane has an indwelling catheter. Which is incorrect? Keep the drainage bag below the bladder Provide perineal care daily & after BM Attach the drainage bag to the bedrail She should not lie on the tubing 154. 154. a. b. c. d. Bed cradles are used to: Keep the hips abducted Prevent the mattress from sagging Keep the weight of the top linens off of the feet Prevent plantar flexion 155. 155. a. b. c. d. Rehab begins when the client: Needs health care Leaves the hospital Goes home with home- health care Enters a sub-acute rehab program 156. 156. a. b. c. d. When taking a BP, you should all do all of the following except: Turn off the TV & radio Locate brachial artery Take BP in the arm with an IV infusion Apply cuff to a bare upper arm 157. 157. a. b. c. The back lying position is the: Prone position Semi – fowlers position Sims Dorsal recumbent position 158. 158. a. b. c. d. Pain that is felt in a part of the body that is no longer there is: Chronic pain Radiating pain Phantom pain Acute pain 159. To communicate with a speech impaired client, you should: a. Watch the client’s lips move b. Ask the person to repeat or rephrase, if necessary c. Listen & give the person your full/undivided attention d. Do all of the above 160. 160. a. b. c. d. Which is incorrect when caring for a client with a hip fracture: Keep the affected side adducted at all times Perform ROM Give good skin care Prevent external rotation of the hip 161. 161. a. b. c. d. Which food groups contain the most fat? Milk, yogurt, cheese Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts Fruits Bread, cereal, rice, pasta 162. 162. a. b. c. d. Normal respirations are? Between 10 & 20 RPM Regular on both sides of the chest rising & falling equally Quiet and effortless 163. 163. a. b. c. d. The outer layer of the skin is called? Myelin Dermis Epidermis Integument 164. 164. a. b. c. d. Which statement is not true? Depression may lead to suicide Depression is not a concern among the elderly Depression is common symptom following a heart attack 165. 165. a. b. c. d. A client is on bed rest. Which complication may develop? Dysphagia Pneumonia Mumps None of the above 166. 166. a. b. c. Which statement about feeding a person is false? Engage the person in pleasant conversation Ask if he/she wants to pray before eating d. The client is asked the order in which to serve food 167. A client who is totally fed in bed must be properly positioned in: a. Semi – fowlers b. Prone c. Lateral d. Supine 168. 168. a. b. c. d. Hypothermia is: A very low body temperature Moist cold application Bluish discoloration of the skin Very high body temperature 169. 169. a. c. d. A microbe that causes infection is a: Normal flora Pathogen Reservoir Non – pathogen 170. 170. a. b. c. A sputum specimen is needed. You should ask your client to: Brush their teeth Apply lubricant to their lips Use mouthwash Rinse their mouth with clear water.