PN 3003 -- Maternity and Pediatrics Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Module
PN 3003
Institution
PN 3003
PN 3003 -- Maternity and Pediatrics Exam
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Possible Signs of Pregnancy - Answer-Amenorrhea, N&V, fatigue, breast changes, frequent urination
Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Answer-4-12 weeks: presence of hCG in blood
6-12 weeks: presence of hCG in urine
8+ weeks...
Haematological changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Plasma volume increases. RBCs increase. Demand for
iron increases. Clotting factors/fibrinogen increase. Serum albumin decreases.
Metabolic changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Basal metabolic rate increases slowly. Active energy
expenditure falls. Weight gain (normal 11.4-15.9kg).
Skin changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Hyperpigmentation of the umbilicus, nipples, abdominal midline
(linea nigra) and face (melasma (chloasma)) are common due to the hormonal changes of pregnancy.
Hyperdynamic circulation and high levels of estrogen may cause spider naevi and palmar erythema.
Striae gravidarum ('stretch marks') are common.
Musculoskeletal changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increased ligamental laxity caused by increased
levels of relaxin contribute to back pain and pubic symphysis dysfunction. Shift in posture with
exaggerated lumbar lordosis leading to the typical gait of late pregnancy.
Uterine changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increased to about 5x its normal size(h: 30cm, w: 23cm, d:
20cm) primarily because of progesterone
Vaginal changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Becomes more elastic towards the end of pregnancy. These
changes enable it to dilate during the second stage of labour, as the baby passes down the birth canal.
Cervical changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Remains 2.5 cm long throughout pregnancy. In late
pregnancy, softening of the cervix occurs in response to increasing painless contractions of its muscular
walls.
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