Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 - Cardiovascular
What is the equation for cardiac output? - correct answer ✔CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - correct answer ✔the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - correct answer ✔how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - correct answer ✔resistance the ventricle must overcome
to eject blood
Example of increased preload - correct answer ✔CHF
Example of increased afterload - correct answer ✔hypertension
What is blood pressure? - correct answer ✔force of blood against vessel
walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - correct answer ✔amount of pressure
generated by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each
CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - correct answer ✔amount of pressure
against the arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - correct answer ✔2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
, What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? -
correct answer ✔no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔postural
hypotension
A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic
pressure with an increase in heart rate - correct answer ✔orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔Check blood
pressure in the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting
for 1 minute and standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic
changes? - correct answer ✔fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔prolonged bed
rest, medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system
disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - correct answer ✔general apperance, skin,
weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - correct answer ✔troponin, creatinine
kinase, CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - correct answer ✔Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL
(Cardiac pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL,
Triglycerides <150mg/dL
What is the equation for cardiac output? - correct answer ✔CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - correct answer ✔the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - correct answer ✔how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - correct answer ✔resistance the ventricle must overcome
to eject blood
Example of increased preload - correct answer ✔CHF
Example of increased afterload - correct answer ✔hypertension
What is blood pressure? - correct answer ✔force of blood against vessel
walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - correct answer ✔amount of pressure
generated by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each
CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - correct answer ✔amount of pressure
against the arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - correct answer ✔2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
, What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? -
correct answer ✔no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔postural
hypotension
A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic
pressure with an increase in heart rate - correct answer ✔orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔Check blood
pressure in the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting
for 1 minute and standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic
changes? - correct answer ✔fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - correct answer ✔prolonged bed
rest, medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system
disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - correct answer ✔general apperance, skin,
weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - correct answer ✔troponin, creatinine
kinase, CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - correct answer ✔Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL
(Cardiac pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL,
Triglycerides <150mg/dL
