NUR 242 Exam 2
List the parts of the chain of infection (in order): - correct answer ✔-
infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
infectious agent - correct answer ✔something that contains bacteria, fungi,
virus, parasite(s), or prion(s)
reservoir - correct answer ✔the habitat of the infectious agent and is where it
lives, grows, and reproduces itself or replicates
animate examples: people, insects, birds, animals
inanimate examples: contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV
fluids, feces
portal of exit - correct answer ✔the means by which the infectious agent can
leave the reservoir
examples: any body orifice (ears, nose, or mouth), the skin, or blood or body
fluids that leave the body through coughing, sneezing, etc.
,mode of transmission - correct answer ✔how a bacteria, virus, fungus,
parasite, or prion moves from place to place
contact transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when microorganisms move
from an infected person to another person
droplet transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when airborne droplets from
the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a
host
can be from sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking
medical procedures like CPR and intubation can release droplets into the air
airborne transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when small particulates
move into the airspace of another person and carry infectious agents
these patients should be placed in a private room with negative air pressure
(circulates the air outside of the building)
portal of entry - correct answer ✔provides a place for an infectious agent to
enter the individual so it can replicate or its toxin can act
examples: any body orifice or the skin
List factors that increase host susceptibility (8): - correct answer ✔- age
- underlying disease (like HIV/AIDS)
- malignancy
,- transplants
- medications (like immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, etc.)
- surgical procedures
- radiation therapy
- indwelling devices (like urinary catheters, central lines, etc.)
List the modes of transmission (5): - correct answer ✔- contact
- droplet
- airborne
- vector
- vehicle
vehicle transmission - correct answer ✔transmission of infectious agents to
multiple individuals through a common source, such as contaminated food or
water
example: food contaminated with e. coli
vector transmission - correct answer ✔transmission of infectious agents
through animals, such as an inset or rodent
examples: mosquitoes and rats
Who can be a susceptible host? (4) - correct answer ✔- elderly
- infants
- immunocompromised
- anyone
, What are the 2 types of contact transmission? - correct answer ✔- direct
- indirect
direct contact - correct answer ✔transmission occurs when microorganisms
are directly moved from the infected person to another person without having
a contaminated object or person between the 2
indirect contact - correct answer ✔transmission occurs when
microorganisms are moved from the infected person to another person with a
contaminated object or person between the 2
List infections caused by airborne transmission (3): - correct answer ✔-
tuberculosis
- rubeola (measles)
- varicella (chickenpox)
List 2 infections spread through droplet transmission: - correct answer ✔-
influenza virus
- Bordetella pertussis
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient has a draining, infected wound. The drainage touches a cut on the
nurse's skin, leading to infection. - correct answer ✔direct contact
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
List the parts of the chain of infection (in order): - correct answer ✔-
infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
infectious agent - correct answer ✔something that contains bacteria, fungi,
virus, parasite(s), or prion(s)
reservoir - correct answer ✔the habitat of the infectious agent and is where it
lives, grows, and reproduces itself or replicates
animate examples: people, insects, birds, animals
inanimate examples: contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV
fluids, feces
portal of exit - correct answer ✔the means by which the infectious agent can
leave the reservoir
examples: any body orifice (ears, nose, or mouth), the skin, or blood or body
fluids that leave the body through coughing, sneezing, etc.
,mode of transmission - correct answer ✔how a bacteria, virus, fungus,
parasite, or prion moves from place to place
contact transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when microorganisms move
from an infected person to another person
droplet transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when airborne droplets from
the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a
host
can be from sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking
medical procedures like CPR and intubation can release droplets into the air
airborne transmission - correct answer ✔occurs when small particulates
move into the airspace of another person and carry infectious agents
these patients should be placed in a private room with negative air pressure
(circulates the air outside of the building)
portal of entry - correct answer ✔provides a place for an infectious agent to
enter the individual so it can replicate or its toxin can act
examples: any body orifice or the skin
List factors that increase host susceptibility (8): - correct answer ✔- age
- underlying disease (like HIV/AIDS)
- malignancy
,- transplants
- medications (like immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, etc.)
- surgical procedures
- radiation therapy
- indwelling devices (like urinary catheters, central lines, etc.)
List the modes of transmission (5): - correct answer ✔- contact
- droplet
- airborne
- vector
- vehicle
vehicle transmission - correct answer ✔transmission of infectious agents to
multiple individuals through a common source, such as contaminated food or
water
example: food contaminated with e. coli
vector transmission - correct answer ✔transmission of infectious agents
through animals, such as an inset or rodent
examples: mosquitoes and rats
Who can be a susceptible host? (4) - correct answer ✔- elderly
- infants
- immunocompromised
- anyone
, What are the 2 types of contact transmission? - correct answer ✔- direct
- indirect
direct contact - correct answer ✔transmission occurs when microorganisms
are directly moved from the infected person to another person without having
a contaminated object or person between the 2
indirect contact - correct answer ✔transmission occurs when
microorganisms are moved from the infected person to another person with a
contaminated object or person between the 2
List infections caused by airborne transmission (3): - correct answer ✔-
tuberculosis
- rubeola (measles)
- varicella (chickenpox)
List 2 infections spread through droplet transmission: - correct answer ✔-
influenza virus
- Bordetella pertussis
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient has a draining, infected wound. The drainage touches a cut on the
nurse's skin, leading to infection. - correct answer ✔direct contact
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
