AP Human Geography Unit 4 Test Guaranteed A+

AP Human Geography Unit 4 Test Guaranteed A+ What is are some examples of compact states? ️️Poland, Rwanda What is sovereignty? Sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions without interference from outside forces. ️️ What is a nation-state? A nation-state is a political entity in which a state’s boundaries coincide with the cultural boundaries of a particular ethnic group or nation. ️️ Explain the concept of territoriality. Territoriality is the attempt by individuals or groups to control a specific geographic area, often linked to asserting dominance or ownership over that area. ️️ What is a nation? A nation is a group of people who share common cultural characteristics, such as language, ethnicity, or history. Unlike a state, a nation doesn’t always have a defined territory. ️️ What is a stateless nation? A stateless nation is a group of people who identify as a nation but do not have an independent state of their own, such as the Kurds or Palestinians. ️️ What does the term "multinational state" mean? A multinational state refers to a state that contains multiple ethnic groups or nations with a history of self-determination, such as Canada or Russia. ️️ What is devolution? Devolution is the process by which a central government grants powers to local or regional governments, often to address ethnic, cultural, or regional demands. ️️ How do superimposed boundaries affect political geography? Superimposed boundaries are those drawn by external forces (such as colonial powers) that often ignore existing cultural, ethnic, or political divisions, leading to tensions or conflicts. ️️ What is gerrymandering? Gerrymandering refers to the manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one political party or group over another. ️️ What is a federal state? A federal state is a state in which power is divided between a central authority and regional or local governments, as seen in countries like the United States or India. ️️ How do physical boundaries affect state boundaries? Physical boundaries such as mountains, rivers, and deserts can serve as natural borders, influencing the ease of establishing and defending state boundaries. ️️ What is the significance of the Heartland Theory? The Heartland Theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder, suggests that the nation that controls the central region of Eurasia (the heartland) would dominate global power. ️️ What does the term "centripetal force" mean in political geography? A centripetal force refers to a factor that unites and strengthens a state, such as a common language, national identity, or economic cooperation. ️️ What is the difference between an enclave and an exclave? An enclave is a territory that is completely surrounded by another state, while an exclave is a part of a state that is geographically separated from the main territory by another country. ️️ What is the role of a buffer state in geopolitics? A buffer state is a country or region situated between two conflicting or competing powers that serves as a neutral zone to prevent direct conflict. ️️ What is the concept of "the Rimland Theory"? The Rimland Theory, proposed by Nicholas Spykman, argues that power lies in the coastal fringes of Eurasia, not the central heartland, and that controlling these areas ensures global dominance. ️️ What is the significance of supranational organizations like the United Nations? Supranational organizations like the United Nations facilitate cooperation between states on issues such as security, human rights, and global trade, sometimes transcending national sovereignty. ️️ What is an example of a landlocked state, and how does it affect their economy? An example of a landlocked state is Afghanistan. Being landlocked limits access to maritime trade routes, which can hinder economic development and trade. ️️ How does the concept of "irredentism" manifest in geopolitics? Irredentism refers to a political movement that seeks to reclaim territory believed to be rightfully part of a nation, often due to historical or cultural ties, such as the claims of Russia over Crimea. ️️ What is the role of natural resources in the geopolitics of state boundaries? Natural resources, such as oil, minerals, and water, often become sources of conflict when borders are drawn through areas rich in these resources, as seen in disputes over