CALT Exam Study Guide 400+ Questions - Studying for CALT test

What is the origin and meaning of "ang" - Latin; bend What does the Conner's Report help diagnose? - ADD Synonyms, Antonyms, and Homonyms are _______? - Morphemes Define prosody - Flow of speech Define euphony - sound/pleasing sound Reading nonsense words on a norm-referenced test is used to assess what? - word attack What is the origin of the "schwa" or unstressed vowel sound? - Latin What is the origin of the affixing of base words? - Latin What is the origin of combining words? - Greek What is the origin of compound words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of the affixing of roots? - Anglo-Saxon Sadly has how phonemes? - 5 Sadly has how many syllables? - 2 What is the base word of sadly? - Sad What is the suffix of sadly? - -ly How many morphemes does sadly have? - 2 What is sadly's word origin? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of vowel pairs? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of chameleon prefixes? - Latin What is the origin of the consonant cluster ch pronounced (k)? - Greek What is the origin of Medial Y? - Greek What is the origin of the consonant pairs gn, kn, & wr? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of roots that end in ct and pt? - Latin What is the origin of initial consonant clusters rh, pt, pn, & ps? - Greek What is the origin of common, everyday words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of the letter c, s, & t pronounced (sh)? - Latin What is the origin of consonant digraphs ch, sh, th, & wh? - Anglo-Saxon Who coined the term congenital word blindness? - James Hinshelwood What are the three languages that have most influenced the English Language? - Anglo-Saxon/Old English, Latin, & Greek What is the term for not being able to recall names? - dysnomia What is the term for letter representation of a sound- written unit? - grapheme What is the term for the difficulty in remembering words? - dysphasia What is the term for one who can read well but is severely unable to comprehend? - hyperlexia What is the term for analytic instruction that presents the whole and teaches how this can be broken down into component parts like unblending in spelling? (whole to part) - analytic phonics What is significant about 1066 AD? - The Normand invasion of England Who saw patients unable to read, spell, or write, but could determine no physical cause? (1920's) - Dr. Samuel T. Orton Who recognized that treatment was educational and prescribed specialized multisensory teaching techniques and in the 30's worked closely w/a # of educators including Anna Gillingham? - Dr. Samuel T. Orton What is the term for the writing system of language? (correct, spelling, usage) - Orthography What is the term for the whole to part phonics approach, key sight words, relevant phonic generalizations, symbol/sound correspondences, top-down method? - analytic phonics (deductive phonics) What is the term for a vowel and the rest of the consonants in a syllable? ex: cat=at - Rime What is the term for the vocabulary of a language? - Lexical What is the term for two or more letters whose sounds flow smoothly together? - Blend What is the term for two adjacent vowels in the same syllable whose sounds blend together with a slide or shift during productivity? - Diphthong What is the term for two adjacent letters in the same syllable that represent one sound? - Digraph What is the term for combined sounds represented by letters to pronounce a word? - Blends What is the term that applies to a letter which may represent more than one sound or to a sound which may be spelled in more than one way? (k, c//ck, k) - Equivocal What is the term for the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters? - Alphabetic Principle What is the term for the smallest unit of sound in a syllable? - Phoneme What is the term for the simplest form of an English word to which affixes may be added? - Base Word What is the term for the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language? - Phonology What is the term for the rhythmic flow of oral reading? - Prosody What is the term for the overlapping, changing, or modifying of adjacent speech sounds? Ex: hugged-hissed - Coarticulation What is the term for the mental activity of receiving, understanding, weighing, ordering, remembering, and examining sounds, especially speech sounds? - Auditory Processing What is the term for the meaningful components of language? - Semantics What is the term for the knowledge that words are made up of individual sounds? Skills included are: syllabication, rhyming, blending sounds into words, isolating beginning - Phonological Awareness What is the term for the initial stage of spelling in which novice writers understand that a symbol stands for a unit or units of sound and attempts to represent that sound? - Invented Spelling What is the term for the active part of the memory system w/a distinctly limited time element or retention? - Short-term Memory What is the term for the accurate and effortless word identification at the single word level? - Automaticity What is the term for the ability to retain the visual image of a two dimensional symbol, especially the sequence of symbols in whole words or the sequence of words in phrases? - Visual Memory What is the term for the ability to retain the shape of a letter through muscle movement and feel the sound as it is made? - Tactile-Kinesthetic Memory What is the term for the ability to listen and remember sounds, words, and sentences in sequence (listening to a song and repeating the words back)? - Auditory Memory What is the term for the ability to hear likenesses and differences in the sounds of phonemes and words? - Auditory Discrimination What is the term for the ability to decode single words correctly with the freedom from mistake or error? - Accuracy What is the term for the study of the characteristics of speech sounds? - Phonetics What is the term for the study of origins and historical development of words? - Etymology What is the term for the study of language and the language structure? - Linguistics What is the term for the study of how sounds and words are put together to form meaning? (cat to cats- pluralization) - Morphology What is the term for when the student learns sounds represented by letters, and blends those sounds to pronounce words- part to whole phonics, generalizations for symbol/sound correlation? - Synthetic Phonics (Inductive Phonics) What is the term for spelling? - Encoding What is the term for the speed of reading while maintaining accuracy and automaticity? - Rate What term specifies the order of words and the organization of words w/in a variety of sentence types? (sentence structure/grammar) - Syntax What is the term for the set of rules that dictates behavior context and rules of conversation? - Pragmatics What is the term for the series of letters or signs arranged in a customary order or sequence each of which represents a spoken sound of a language? - Alphabet What is the term for the scientific study of speech sounds? - Phonetics What is the term for repeating words or phrases either immediately or hours later (often in autistic children)? - Echolalia What is the term that is related to touch? - Tactile What is the term that is related to seeing? - Visual What is the term that is related to muscle movement and memory? - Kinesthetic What is the term that is related to hearing? - Auditory What is the term that is related to reading with rapidity and automaticity? - Fluency What is the term that means putting stress on a word or part of a word by opening your mouth wider, making your voice louder and higher, and holding the sound longer? - Accent What is the term pertaining to the simultaneous use of multiple senses? - Multisensory What is the term pertaining to parts that are built to a whole? (Part-whole) - Synthetic What is the term pertaining to a whole that is broken into constituent parts? - Analytic What is the term for partial or complete impairment of the ability to communicate resulting from brain injury? (speech disorder) - Dysphasia Oi, oy, ou, and ow are all what? - Diphthongs What is the term for a math disability? - Dyscalculia What is the term pertaining to the loss of ability to read because of brain injury? - Alexia What is the term pertaining to letters or sounds that are beside each other within a word or syllable? - Adjacent What is the term pertaining to a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language? It impairs expression, understanding, and reading, etc. - Aphasia What is the term for keeness of vision? - Acuity What is the term for the instruction that connects sound and letter, application of phonics in an approach to teach reading and spelling, stressing symbol and sound relations? - Phonics What is the term for information that must be presented in a sequence that builds logically on previously taught materials? - Sequential teaching What is the term for including more than one level or focus of practice? - Heterogeneous practice What is the term for early term of dyslexia? - Word blindness What is the term for the disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language (spoken or written)? - Specific learning disability What is the term for the difficulty with verbal expression, difficulty with syntax, morphology, and semantics? (used gestures and sign language) - Expressive language What is the term for difficulty in the ability to attend to process, comprehend, retain, or integrate spoken language? - Receptive language What is the term for the deficit in phonological awareness and rapid naming? - Double deficit What is the term for the conscious choice of and evaluation of the strategies used to accomplish a task? - Metacognition What is the term for clearly stated, direct, purposeful instruction? - Explicit instruction What is the term for body of word knowledge? - Lexicon What is the term for awareness of speech sounds and phonemes in spoken words? - Phonemic Awareness What is the term for arranging alphabetically? - Alphabetizing What is the term for the type of assessments that measure knowledge attained and knowledge yet to be acquired in a domain (what they know)? - Criterion referenced test What is the term for the area of the brain that is used for visual-verbal associations? - Angular gyrus What is the term for the area of the brain that is used for step-by-step word analysis? - Parieto-temporal region What is the term for the area of the brain that is used for articulation and slower work analysis? - Left inferior frontal region What is the term for the area of the brain that is used for skilled reading? - Occipital-temporal region What is the term for all consonants preceding the vowel in a syllable? - Onset What is the term for a word with an unexpected pronunciation or spelling? - Irregular word What is the term for a word made from another by the addition of a suffix or prefix? - Derivative What is the term for a variation of speech sound that is not a separate phoneme? - Allophone What is the term for a unit of speech sound organized around a vowel? - Syllable What is the term for a syllable with two adjacent vowels in initial, medial, or final position? - Vowel pair syllable What is the term for a syllable that has an r after the vowel? - Vowel-r syllable What is the term for a syllable that ends in one vowel, one consonant, and final e? - Vce syllable What is the term for a suffix that begins with a consonant? - Consonant suffix What is the term for a specific sensory pathway? - Modality What is the term for a practice session with only one focus? - Homogeneous practice What is the term for a nonphonetic, recurring syllable that is fairly stable in its pronunciation and spelling? - Consonant -le syllable What is the term for a morpheme which may not stand alone as an independent word as -ing? - Bound morpheme What is the term for a meaningful unit of language? - Morpheme What is the term for a letter or letters added to the end of a base word to change its form or usage? - Suffix What is the term for tests that measure sight word reading? - Woodcock Johnson, Woodcock Reading, WIAT Which language only accounts for 10% of our language? - French Who came up with congenital word blindness? - Dr. W. P. Morgan Which of Chall's stages is college and beyond; reading is for one's own needs and purpose; synthesize new knowledge? - Chall's Stage 5 Which of Chall's stages is increased fluency, simple stories, making meaning out of text, grade 2-3, ages 7 to 8? - Chall's Stage 2 What is the term for words that have different meanings but are spelled the same; pronunciation made be the same or different- wind/wind - Homographs What is the name of the test that measures sight word reading? - TOWRE (ch) and (j) are examples of ? - Affricate Who created alphabetic phonics? - Aylett Cox What is the term for a letter or letters added to the beginning of a base word to change its meaning? (for euphony, the final consonant may be dropped or changed to match) - Prefix What is the term for a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound? - Grapheme What is the language written in symbols or letters, each which singly or in combination stands for a speech sound? - Alphabet language What is the term for a diacritical marking for long vowel? - Macron What is the term for a class of speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed? - Consonants Who coined the phrase "Word Blindness?" - Adolf Kussmaul What is the term for a diacritical marking for a short vowel? - Breve What is the term for a class of open speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract? - Vowels What is the term for two consonant sounds having the same origin in the mouth but differing qualities such as voicedness? - Cognate Why was 504 formed? - 504 was enacted to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination based solely on their disability. Why do you double the "n" in the word beginning but not in the word opening? - The "n" in begin is in the accented one vowel consonant syllable. In open, it is in the unaccented syllable. Who was the most recent advocate of decoding? - Dr. Reid Lyon Who was the neuropsychiatrist who coined the name strephosymbolia (twisted symbols) for dyslexia? - Dr. Samuel Orton Which word does not contain the silent "e" - Awe What is the origin "ch" (sh) like in chef? - French Which test measures whether a child is ADHD? - Connor Test Which test is NOT used for identifying phonemic awareness? - Peabody Picture Test Which process combines synthetic and analytic phonics? - Syllable division Which do you use when dealing with homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms? - Semantics When you teach a long vowel sound by first teaching a short vowel then moving to long vowel, how is this taught? - Discovery Method When students need help with long vowel sounds, what should you do? - Read words containing particular long vowel sounds to gain speed and automaticity. What year was IDEA established? - 1975 What type of test is based on the material just taught? - Curriculum based test What syllable do you find the schwa sound? - Unaccented vowel What sound does "c" make before the letters of e, i, or y? - (s) What revisions were made to IDEA in 1992? - Clarification on assistive technology and supplemental aides What is the origin of the word "Lexia?" - Greek What is the best way to teach going from short vowel sounds to long vowel sounds? - Take off the final consonant What are the four components of language? - all of the answers What is phonology? - Sound units What are semantics? - Meaning of words and sentences What is syntax? - The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. What are pragmatics? - the appropriate use of language in different contexts What is another name for Preparation or writing on the board or table top? - Chalk Talk What is IDEA? - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act The amended law of IDEA forms what? - the basis for Special Education in all 50 states Dyslexia is an example of a foundation of what? - IDEA To maintain certification, what must a therapist have? - 10 clinical hours a year The presence of fluid in the middle ear which can result in hearing loss or speechlanguage difficulties is called what? - Acute Otis Media The Norman Conquest (Battle of Hastings) caused the French influence on the English language in what time period? - 1066 Socratic Method of asking questions to lead students to discover new information is called what? - Discovery This results in students being able to understand and connect the new info- what is it called? - Discovery Is "gymnasium" Latin, Greek, French, or Anglo-Saxon? - Greek In the word PERMIT, what affect does changing the accent have? - Changes the meaning How does a teacher in a rural area charge? - Sliding scale- based on the ability of the person to pay In 1900, a Scottish ophthalmologist reported 2 cases of "word blindness." Who was this doctor? - James Hinshelwood How do you qualify for 504? - A student has to have a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more of their major life activities. Which one of these are neurological? - All of the answers are correct. Which of Chall's stages is this? Construction and Reconstruction: construct understanding based on analysis and synthesis. Reading is used for one's own needs and purposes. Reading is more efficient than listening. - Dr. Chall's stage 5 Which of Chall's stages is this? Multiple Viewpoints: analyze texts, understand multiple points of view. Child is reading widely from a broad range of complex materials, both expository and narrative, with a variety of viewpoints. - Dr. Chall's stage 4 Which of Chall's stages is this? Reading for learning the New: expand vocabulary, build background and word knowledge, develop strategic habits. Reading is used to learn new ideas, to gain new knowledge, to experience new feelings, to learn new attitudes, generally from one viewpoint. - Dr. Chall's stage 3 Which of Chall's stages is this? Confirmation and Fluency: decoding skills, fluency, strategies. The child reads simple, familiar stories and selections with increasing fluency. - Dr. Chall's stage 2 Which of Chall's stages is this? Initial Reading and decoding: Letters represent sounds and sound-spelling relationships. The child learns the relationship between letters and sounds and between printed and spoken words. - Dr. Chall's stage 1 Which of Chall's stages is this? Pre-reading "pseudo reading"- oral language development. Child "pretends" to read, retells story when looking at pages of book previously read to him/her, names of alphabet; recognizes some signs; prints own name; plays with books; pencils and paper - Dr. Chall's stage 0 Beginning in the 1400's, what was the movement of vowels to the back and top of the mouth called? - The Great Vowel Shift (Time of Chaucer) According to the National Reading Panel Report (2000), which of the following represents the strongest indication of a reading disability? - A deficit in phonology What is the origin of these words: hydro, hydrogen, hydrant? - Greek What is the origin of these words: scent, scene= "sc" = (s)? - Latin What is the origin of these words: telephone, telegraph= tele? - Greek What is the origin of short words with "th"? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of these words ending in -ic: charasmatic, music, chronic? - Greek What is the origin of these words with 'ch' = (ch): chair, chin? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of these chameloen prefixes im, ir, in: illegal, impossible? - Latin What is the origin of these words with k in longer words: kilometer, kinesthetic? - Greek What is the origin of these words with ti, si, and ci =(sh): station, facial? - Latin What is the origin of wild, old, kind words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of words with silent h: hour, herb? - Latin What is the origin of photo: photography, photosynthesis? - Greek What is the origin of soft c before e or i: certain, city? - Latin What is the origin of silent initial p: pneumonia, psychology? - Greek What is the origin of basic color words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of tu= (choo): eventual, fortunate? - Latin What is the origin of the terms for outer body parts? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of connective o: democrat, photograph? - Greek What is the origin of bio= biology, biosphere? - Greek What is the origin of "wh", "ng", "wr"? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of words with "ssion": mission, expression, usually with a short vowel? - Latin What is the origin of ending -ology: biology, geology? - Greek What is the origin of "Floss" words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of "ture" = (cher): adventure, nature? - Latin What is the origin of "ch"= (k): school, monarch? - Greek What is the origin of most sight words? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of connectives i, u, and ul: mediate, monument, muscular, solitude? - Latin What is the origin of 2 syllable consonant 'le' words like bubble? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of therm: thermos, thermostat? - Greek What is the origin of "k" in short words: kelp, kind? - Anglo-Saxon What is the origin of words with 'sion' (shun) after I or N: emulsion, suspension? - Latin What is the origin of 'ck', 'tch', and 'dge' words? - Anglo-Saxon