Anatomy & Physiology (MBLEX) Exam
Questions And Answers
Smooth muscle - Answers✔is also known as involuntary muscle and is found within the walls of
organs, blood vessels and within the skin but not in the heart. The muscles are labeled
involuntary because they contract without conscious control. The heart contracts involuntarily
but the heart is comprised of a separate classification of cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle is
formed of thin layers of unstriated cells.
Abdominal - Answers✔Although the gut runs through the thoracic and pelvic cavity, it is mostly
located in the ______________ cavity and it is in the gut that the largest storage of serotonin
exists within the body. The gut is known as the second brain and makes up the enteric nervous
system which includes tissue sheaths that line the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and
colons. This would explain why people feel butterflies in their stomach when they are nervous,
fearful or excited.
Circulatory - Answers✔Erythrocytes or red blood cells in ____________ the system carry
oxygen (and nutrients) to the cells of the body and transport waste from cells to be processed by
other body systems
Peristalsis - Answers✔Is the symmetrical contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles that
moves contents such as food through the digestive system
The carotid arteries - Answers✔Are located in the anterior portion of the neck known as the
anterior triangle. The carotids regulate blood flow to the brain which can cause dizziness or
fainting if occluded. There is also a risk of arterial plaque buildup which can be accidentally
broken free during massage and can cause a stroke. The carotids are a contraindicated
endangerment site.
Pancreas - Answers✔Insulin and glucagon are hormones released from which anatomical
structure?
33 - Answers✔In a normal human body, there are ______ vertebrae. They are: 7 cervical, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar which makes 24. Then there are 9 fused vertebrae that comprise the sacrum
and coccyx.
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Lymphatic system - Answers✔This system plays a substantial role in a healthy functioning
immune system. Lymphoid tissues are found throughout the body and help the body defend
against disease, infections or the spread of tumors.
The endocrine system - Answers✔is a series of glands which secrete specific types of hormones
directly into the blood stream to aid and assist in the regulation of various functions within the
body. These functions include growth and development, metabolism, tissue functions and
emotional states.
Sarcomeres - Answers✔are the basic unit structures of a muscle. Is composed of lengthy fibrous
proteins called myosin (thick) and actin (thin) that slide past each other during muscle
contraction and relaxation. When they are grouped they become myofibrils and, in this form,
they become either light or dark bands depending on their myoglobin (iron and oxygen binding
protein) content.
Osteophyte - Answers✔Is the technical term for a bone spur. A bone spur is an abnormal bone
growth caused by old age, articular degeneration, disease or excessive wear and tear during
mechanical instability.
Diaphysis - Answers✔Is the relatively straight main body of a long bone and is also known as
the shaft. A great example is the long part shaft of the femur.
Subscapularis - Answers✔Is muscle is a powerful postural muscle of the shoulder originating on
the subscapular fossa and inserting into the lesser tubercle of the humerous. Its location between
the scapula and posterior rib cage makes it difficult to access and palpate during massage. The
difficulty to stretch and release adhesions within this muscle is a major contributing factor to
frozen shoulder.
Acetabulum - Answers✔Is the concave surface of the pelvis that holds the head of the femur,
forming the hip joint. This structure is comprised of three bones: the ischium, the ilium and the
pubis.
Hyaline cartilage - Answers✔(also known as gristle) is located on most joint surfaces and
provides the necessary flexible support for proper joint functions. It is a fairly simple structure
with no nerves or blood vessels and is shiny or pearly blue in color. The collagen in hyaline
cartilage gives it incredible tensile strength and the presence of ground substance adds to its
ability to withstand incredible amounts of pressure.
Collagen - Answers✔Is the main component of connective tissue and is abundant throughout the
human body. In addition to blood vessels, bones and tendons, it can also be found in skin,
ligaments, cartilage, intervertebral discs and throughout the human body.
Epiphysis - Answers✔An __________ describes the round end of a long bone such as the femur.
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