Visual Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1
Study Guide.
Biology - Answers✔The study of life
Responsiveness - Answers✔Indicates that the organism recognizes changes in its internal or
external environment
Adaptability - Answers✔Changes the organism's behavior, capabilities, or structure
Growth and reproduction - Answers✔Indicate that the organism is successful; growth must occur
before reproduction
Movement - Answers✔Distributes materials throughout large organisms; changes orientation or
position of a plant or immobile animal; moves mobil animals arounds the environment
(locomotion)
Respiration - Answers✔Usually refers to the absorption and utilization of oxygen, and the
generation and release of carbon dioxide
Circulation - Answers✔Movement of fluid within the organism; may involve a pump and a
network of special vessels
Digestion - Answers✔The chemical breakdown of complex materials for absorption and use by
the organsim
Excretion - Answers✔The elimination of chemical waste products generated by the organism
Anatomy - Answers✔The study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical
relationships among body parts
Gross anatomy - Answers✔The study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a
microscope
Microscopic anatomy - Answers✔Deals with structures that cannot be seen without
magnification
Physiology - Answers✔The study of function, and considers the functions of the human body
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Atom - Answers✔The smallest stable unit of matter
Cell - Answers✔The smallest living unit in the human body
Tissue - Answers✔A collection of specialized cells and cell products that performs a specific
function
Organs - Answers✔Combinations of tissues that perform complex functions
Organ system - Answers✔Consists of organs that interact to perform a specific range of
functions, often in a coordinated fashion
Smooth muscle cells - Answers✔These cells give you the ability to move around
Blood cells - Answers✔The most abundant cell of the body, transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide. Some are even responsible for fighting off infection and combating disease
Bone cells - Answers✔These cells are responsible for the maintenance of the bone and for
recycling calcium and phosphate stored there
Fat cells - Answers✔Whenever we take in more energy than we expend, the excess energy
obtained from the food gets stored as fat, and these cells get larger and more numerous
Cells lining the digestive tract - Answers✔These cells absorb the nutrients, vitamins, minerals,
and water we need
Reproductive cells - Answers✔Cell involved in sexual reproduction (sex cells)
Nerve cells - Answers✔These cells process information (neurons)
Histology - Answers✔The study of tissues
The four primary tissue types - Answers✔Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and
neural tissue
Epithelial tissue - Answers✔This tissue covers and protects exposed surfaces, lines internal
passageways and chambers, and produces glandular secretions
Connective tissue - Answers✔This tissue fills internal spaces, provides structural support, and
stores energy
Muscle tissue - Answers✔This tissue contracts to produce active movement
Skeletal muscle tissue - Answers✔This tissue is usually attached to the skeleton, directly or
indirectly, and its contractions move or stabilize the position of bones or internal organs
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