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Summary Paris Peace Conferences Glossary
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Paris Peace Conferences Glossary all events
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Paris Peace Conferences GlossaryParis Peace In January 1919, representatives from around 30 nations met in Versailles with the
Conferences aim to develop a settlement to end WW1 and prevent war in the future. Little
progress was made initially due to needing to deal with the post-war Europe
Council of 10 Most power was given to the big five who had delegates representing them. Russia
and the defeated powers did not attend which was deemed unfair to the council.
Until 1919, allies could not decide whether to follow the previous pattern of peace
conferences and follow preliminary peace with disarmament and territorial
agreements to be made after the hostility in the religion had cooled down. The
council decided against this and the council of ten was set up to deal with the causes
of the Treaty of Versailles but was weak due to the lack of a central committee to
direct talks
Big 5 USA, UK, France, Italy, Japan
Council of 4 Discussions about treaties were much more streamlined after Lloyde George’s
Fontainebleau memorandum which concerned itself with the fear of Germany falling
to communism from the Soviet Union’s Bolshevism, and Britain not being able to
trade with them because of this. Secret decisions were made and were effective so
this council was made the main committee.
Aims of the Big 3: TOV Clemenceau:
France suffered greatly because of WW1 and wanted that level of destruction to
never happen again. Because of this, France wanted Germany to pay for the
damage and lose the land that they had gained and lose their armed forces. They
also wanted to cripple Germany so they could never attack France again.
Lloyd George:
He was aware that Britain didn’t suffer much so was willing to make compromises,
but also wanted to punish Germany but not too harshly. Their main aim was to stop
Germany from having a navy to that Britain could have naval control and maintain
their empire.
Wilson:
In reality, the US didn’t suffer greatly at all so proposed a 14-point plan which he
believed would end the war fairly and would prevent another war in the future. He
wanted independence for eastern European countries and the League of Nations.
Treaty of Versailles TOV was signed in the Hall of Mirrors on the 28th of June 191. Due to the weakness
of the military and the Allied brockade, Germany had to sign despite not being able
to attend the meetings where the articles were decided. This triggered a political and
economic criris in Germany. It concerned itself with Land, Army, Money, Blame, and
the League of Nations.
German Land:
● A plebiscite was held to determine the control of the German lands
● Schleswig returned to Denmark
● Alsace-Lorraine was given to France
● The Saarland
○ Clemenceau wanted to give it to France and detach the mineral and
coal basins to Non-German administration.
, ○ Wilson allowed France the coal deposits but vetoed the rest
○ Lloyd George settled it and made it French for 15 years and decided it
would be returned back to Germany in 1935
● Rhineland
○ France wanted it to weaken Germany but Britain feared it would
create tension and a power imbalance
○ Divided into three zones and would be evaluated every five years
○ Permenanly demilitarised
○ Britain was hesitant but eventually signed
● A new Polish State made up of West Prussia and Posen wich access to the
sea for economic viability
● All German imperial possessions lost
○ Britain, France, and South Africa given African colonies
○ Australia, New Zeland and Japan given Pacific Islands
● Independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lituania
Military:
● Allies felt a necessity for disarmament
● Army reduced to 100,00 men maximum
● Britain and America wanted to remove the traditional German conscription
and wanted them to have a small professional army
● The Navy was made to be surrendered to the Allies but Germany didn’t give
it up easily
● No submarines
● Dissolution of Air Force
Reparations:
● Amount to how much they would haver to pay caused many disagreements
○ Allies considered the damage of their own industries from trade and
had to consider the German need to repair the country after war
○ France- needed reparations for economy from WW1 to sell bonds to
foreing markets
○ USA-wanted a fixed sum
○ Britain- wanted a percentage of repataions to go to war pensions and
needed enough to rebuiled their economy
● Belgium awarded full compensation from Germany
● Had to eventually pay £6.6 billion
● Germany Economy would be assessed in May 1921 to see what they cound
afford
Guilt
● Article 231 of the Treaty required Germany to tke full responsibility for the
war as it was a universal agreement of victorius powers
● This was used to provide moral justifications for the price of the reparations
Imoact of the Treaty of Allies Reaction of the Treaties:
Versailles
France:
● Liked the harshness of the reparations, the weakening of the army, the
demilitarisation of the Rhineland, and gaining territory
● But they still wanted the treaty to be harsher and wanted Germany to be split
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