American Government Chapter 5
Midterm Test Questions Fully Solved.
affirmative action - Answer the use of programs and policies designed to assist groups that have
historically been subject to discrimination
American Indian Movement - Answer the Native American civil rights group responsible for the
occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973
black codes - Answer laws passed immediately after the Civil War that discriminated against freed
slaves and other blacks and deprived them of their rights
Brown v. Board of Education - Answer the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that struck down Plessy v.
Ferguson and declared segregation and "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional in public education
Chicano - Answer a term adopted by some Mexican American civil rights activists to describe
themselves and those like them
civil disobedience - Answer an action taken in violation of the letter of the law to demonstrate that the
law is unjust
comparable worth - Answer a doctrine calling for the same pay for workers whose jobs require the
same level of education, responsibility, training, or working conditions
coverture - Answer a legal status of married women in which their separate legal identities were erased
de facto segregation - Answer segregation that results from the private choices of individuals
de jure segregation - Answer segregation that results from government discrimination
, direct action - Answer civil rights campaigns that directly confronted segregationist practices through
public demonstrations
disenfranchisement - Answer the revocation of someone's right to vote
equal protection clause - Answer a provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that requires the states to
treat all
residents equally under the law
Equal Rights Amendment - Answer the proposed amendment to the Constitution that would have
prohibited all discrimination based on sex
glass ceiling - Answer an invisible barrier caused by discrimination that prevents women from rising to
the highest levels of an organization—including corporations, governments, academic institutions, and
religious organizations
grandfather clause - Answer the provision in southern states that allowed illiterate whites to vote
because their ancestors had been able to vote before the fifteenth amendment
hate crime - Answer harassment, bullying, or other criminal acts directed against someone because of
bias against that person's sex, gender, sexual orientation, religion, race, ethnicity, or disability
intermediate scrutiny - Answer the standard used by the courts to decide cases of discrimination based
on gender and sex; burden of proof is on the government to demonstrate an important governmental
interest is at stake in treating men differently from women
Jim Crow laws - Answer state and local laws that promoted racial segregation and undermined black
voting rights in the south after Reconstruction
literacy tests - Answer tests that required the prospective voter in some states to be able to read a
passage of text and answer questions about it; often used as a way to disenfranchise racial or ethnic
minorities
Midterm Test Questions Fully Solved.
affirmative action - Answer the use of programs and policies designed to assist groups that have
historically been subject to discrimination
American Indian Movement - Answer the Native American civil rights group responsible for the
occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973
black codes - Answer laws passed immediately after the Civil War that discriminated against freed
slaves and other blacks and deprived them of their rights
Brown v. Board of Education - Answer the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that struck down Plessy v.
Ferguson and declared segregation and "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional in public education
Chicano - Answer a term adopted by some Mexican American civil rights activists to describe
themselves and those like them
civil disobedience - Answer an action taken in violation of the letter of the law to demonstrate that the
law is unjust
comparable worth - Answer a doctrine calling for the same pay for workers whose jobs require the
same level of education, responsibility, training, or working conditions
coverture - Answer a legal status of married women in which their separate legal identities were erased
de facto segregation - Answer segregation that results from the private choices of individuals
de jure segregation - Answer segregation that results from government discrimination
, direct action - Answer civil rights campaigns that directly confronted segregationist practices through
public demonstrations
disenfranchisement - Answer the revocation of someone's right to vote
equal protection clause - Answer a provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that requires the states to
treat all
residents equally under the law
Equal Rights Amendment - Answer the proposed amendment to the Constitution that would have
prohibited all discrimination based on sex
glass ceiling - Answer an invisible barrier caused by discrimination that prevents women from rising to
the highest levels of an organization—including corporations, governments, academic institutions, and
religious organizations
grandfather clause - Answer the provision in southern states that allowed illiterate whites to vote
because their ancestors had been able to vote before the fifteenth amendment
hate crime - Answer harassment, bullying, or other criminal acts directed against someone because of
bias against that person's sex, gender, sexual orientation, religion, race, ethnicity, or disability
intermediate scrutiny - Answer the standard used by the courts to decide cases of discrimination based
on gender and sex; burden of proof is on the government to demonstrate an important governmental
interest is at stake in treating men differently from women
Jim Crow laws - Answer state and local laws that promoted racial segregation and undermined black
voting rights in the south after Reconstruction
literacy tests - Answer tests that required the prospective voter in some states to be able to read a
passage of text and answer questions about it; often used as a way to disenfranchise racial or ethnic
minorities
