Exam (elaborations)

Science 10 Biology

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Alevel biology

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Alevel Biology

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Uploaded on January 13, 2025
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science 10 biology abiogenesis ansthe theory of

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Science 10 Biology
Abiogenesis - ansthe theory of spontaneous generation.

(bio: life. genesis: beginning.)

Active Transport - ansactive--requires energy

-moves particles against concentration gradient

-root cells need minerals from soil, mineral concerntration in soil its usually lower than in the root

-waste products need to be moved out of cell, even when waste concentration is higher outside cell

-nutrients need to be absorbed in the small intestine even if nutrient concentration is higher in blood

Antony van Leeuwenhoek - ans(1632-1723) the first person to describe single-celled micro-organisms. Had a
hobby of making magnifying lenses, thereby improving microscopes, and had a homemade one. He
constructed a lens with a magnification up to 500x. He studied blood cells, pond-water organisms, and matter
scraped from his teeth.

ATP - ansactive transport.

-proteins in cell membrane bind to the molecule that needs to be transported

-energy is needed to change the shape of the protein to form a channel or pull the molecule through

-up to half of the cell's energy requirement is used for active transport

Biogenesis - ansthe theory that living organisms can only arise from other living organisms.

-first suggested by Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) who was a german doctor/physician.

Biology - ansthe study of life and living organisms.

Cell - anssmallest functional units of life.

Cell Fusion in Relation to the Cell Membrane being a Fluid - ansIf its a fluid, things should be able to move

, around within the membrane.

If it wasn't, it would be seperate, (example: mouse and human cell fusion) but its evenly distributed.

Cell Membrane - ansSHELL : the boundary around the cell that separates the cell interior from the
environment. This holds in fluids, chemicals, and structures that need the cells to survive. These cells are
suspended in the cytoplasm. The membrane keeps things from leaking out, unwanted materials from getting
in. Mainly composed of lipids. Membrane is the cells front line of communication.

-like skin.

-semipermeable: separates some materials. Like a noodle drainer.

Cell Membrane : Phospholipid Layer - ansmade of phosphates and lipids (fats)

each layer has two parts:

-outer hydrophilic (water loving) head.

-inner hydrophobic (water hating) tail.

Cell Membrane : Proteins - ans"bridges" that extend across the membrane.

-help move substances through membrane.

-carry out chemical reactions.

-have chemical markers (self, not self)

-provide attachment sites for messenger molecules--hormones from other cells.

Cell Membrane Function - ansprevents unwanted materials (viruses, waste) from entering the cell

-keep organelles seperate from each other, which helps promote or prevent chemical reactions (lysosomes)

-semipermeable: allows some materials to move freely (small molecules like oxygen and water) through
membrane but larger molecules need to be transported across.

Cell Theory - ans1. all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.

2. the cell is the smallest functioning unit of life.

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