Summary 'More Biological Molecule' Notes

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Topic 1B- More Biological
Molecule
Created @February 10, 2025 3:30 PM

Class Cells to Systems

DNA and RNA Carry Important Info

DNA stores genetic info

Instructions required for grow and development in organisms

RNA structure is similar to DNA, transferring genetic info from DNA to
ribosomes

Ribosomes read RNA sequences to produce polypeptides



Nucleotide

Made from pentose sugar

Nitrogen organic base

Phosphate group

Monomers that are in DNA and RNA




Sugar in DNA

Called Deoxyribose

All nucleotides have the same sugar and phosphate group




Topic 1B- More Biological Molecule 1

, Base varies- Can be Adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine



Sugar in RNA

RNA contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose

Also contains phosphate group and Uracil as base (Replaces Thymine)




Polynucleotides

Polymer of nucleotides

Formed by DNA and RNA

Nucleotides fuse via condensation reaction

Creates phosphodiester bond (Phosphate group and two ester bonds)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
Made of chain of sugars and phosphates




Double- Helix Structure

Two DNA polynucleotides link via hydrogen bonding

Complementary Base Pairing- Base only joins with something specific

Adenine joins with Thymine, A-T

Cytosine with Guanine, C-G

Two H bonds between A-T

Three H bonds between C and G

Nucleotide strands facing opposite directions twist to create double helix




Topic 1B- More Biological Molecule 2