ATI COMMUNITY PROCTORED EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory
Impact of environment on health. Focus on preventative care:
Wash hands etc.
Health Belief Model
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors
1. Modifying variables
2. Perceived ability/susceptibility
3. Perceived Benefits vs Barriers
4. Cues to action
Modifying variables (HBM)
An individual's personal factors that affect whether the new behavior is adopted
(Race, gender, age, economy and education)
Perceived ability and susceptibility of getting a disease
If they feel like they are more likely to get it the more likely they will take action
Perceived Benefits vs Barriers of taking action
See more benefits than barriers then they will take action, vice versa
Cues to action (HBM)
Factors that activate "readiness to change"
Advice from doctors, seeing advertisements, etc
Community-based nursing
Acute and chronic care of individuals and families to strengthen their capacity for self-
care and promote independence in decision making.
(Home health nurse)
Community-oriented nursing
Focus on communities, populations
- health promotion, disease prevention, education
- indirect nursing activities
(PHN)
Respect for autonomy
refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about their own healthcare
Nonmaleficence
do no harm
Beneficence
Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
Distributive Justice
Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
Epidemiology Triangle
agent, host, environment
Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle)
, Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of lacking for a condition/ disease to
develop. The agent is what is causing the problem.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus
Host
(Epidemiological Triangle)
A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of being infected or affected by the
agent.
Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race, lifestyle,
immune status)
Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle)
All that is internal or external to a given host or agent that is affected by the agent.
External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
Incidence vs. Prevalence
Incidence is the rate of occurrence in a specified group of people. usually studied in
longitudinal method. (New)
Prevalence is determined by counting the number of individuals who currently have it.
usually done by cross-sectional. (All)
Healthy People 2020
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Primary Prevention
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
(Education [8th or lower], immunizations, etc.)
Secondary Prevention
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent. Limit
severity. (Screening)
Tertiary Prevention
Actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its
early stages
Aculturation
Adopting new cultural traits while maintaining some of the former ones
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
Culture assessment
Ask about faith and belief systems to understand culture and spirituality relationships.
Don't use family member as interpreter
Environmental risks
toxins, air pollution, water pollution, contamination
(What is their occupation, living situation etc.)
SOLUTIONS
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory
Impact of environment on health. Focus on preventative care:
Wash hands etc.
Health Belief Model
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors
1. Modifying variables
2. Perceived ability/susceptibility
3. Perceived Benefits vs Barriers
4. Cues to action
Modifying variables (HBM)
An individual's personal factors that affect whether the new behavior is adopted
(Race, gender, age, economy and education)
Perceived ability and susceptibility of getting a disease
If they feel like they are more likely to get it the more likely they will take action
Perceived Benefits vs Barriers of taking action
See more benefits than barriers then they will take action, vice versa
Cues to action (HBM)
Factors that activate "readiness to change"
Advice from doctors, seeing advertisements, etc
Community-based nursing
Acute and chronic care of individuals and families to strengthen their capacity for self-
care and promote independence in decision making.
(Home health nurse)
Community-oriented nursing
Focus on communities, populations
- health promotion, disease prevention, education
- indirect nursing activities
(PHN)
Respect for autonomy
refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about their own healthcare
Nonmaleficence
do no harm
Beneficence
Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
Distributive Justice
Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
Epidemiology Triangle
agent, host, environment
Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle)
, Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of lacking for a condition/ disease to
develop. The agent is what is causing the problem.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus
Host
(Epidemiological Triangle)
A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of being infected or affected by the
agent.
Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race, lifestyle,
immune status)
Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle)
All that is internal or external to a given host or agent that is affected by the agent.
External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
Incidence vs. Prevalence
Incidence is the rate of occurrence in a specified group of people. usually studied in
longitudinal method. (New)
Prevalence is determined by counting the number of individuals who currently have it.
usually done by cross-sectional. (All)
Healthy People 2020
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Primary Prevention
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
(Education [8th or lower], immunizations, etc.)
Secondary Prevention
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent. Limit
severity. (Screening)
Tertiary Prevention
Actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its
early stages
Aculturation
Adopting new cultural traits while maintaining some of the former ones
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
Culture assessment
Ask about faith and belief systems to understand culture and spirituality relationships.
Don't use family member as interpreter
Environmental risks
toxins, air pollution, water pollution, contamination
(What is their occupation, living situation etc.)
