CCI ECHO REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? \n
Anterior and medial/ septal\nPosterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? \n
Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? \n
Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: \n
EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume \n
EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? \n
End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? \n
Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? \n
Angle Medial and Inferior from Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? \n
Angle Lateral and Superior from Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? \n
RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? \n
Area between the left subclavian and the ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations
occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? \n
RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ \n
anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? \n
IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? \n
No- Moderator band is located in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? \n
From the lower intraventricular septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary
muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral
Valve? \n
Posterior \nAlso psterior medial papillary muscle \nSingle blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? \n
Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta \n
, The coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is
dilated, it can be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view?
\n
From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the
descending aorta? \n
Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta. \nPleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? \n
Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? \n
The coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the
LA and LV walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the
coronary sinus can sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? \n
The coronary sinus dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to
coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if
each leaflet. \n
Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle. It has three leaflets: anterior,
posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets. \nThe names reflect the anatomical
relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is connected to the septal wall. It's
insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the anterior mitral valve
leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? \n
Often referred to as 2 main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies
directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium.
The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between
the two layers.Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous
pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. \n
The three major coronary arteries are the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the
circumflex arteries
The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ \n
The heart tube loops ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ \n
Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices \n
Endocardial cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and
becomes the _______ \n
Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? \n
Foreman ovale\nDuctus arteriosus
COMPLETE SOLUTION
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? \n
Anterior and medial/ septal\nPosterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? \n
Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? \n
Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: \n
EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume \n
EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? \n
End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? \n
Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? \n
Angle Medial and Inferior from Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? \n
Angle Lateral and Superior from Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? \n
RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? \n
Area between the left subclavian and the ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations
occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? \n
RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ \n
anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? \n
IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? \n
No- Moderator band is located in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? \n
From the lower intraventricular septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary
muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral
Valve? \n
Posterior \nAlso psterior medial papillary muscle \nSingle blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? \n
Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta \n
, The coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is
dilated, it can be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view?
\n
From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the
descending aorta? \n
Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta. \nPleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? \n
Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? \n
The coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the
LA and LV walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the
coronary sinus can sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? \n
The coronary sinus dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to
coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if
each leaflet. \n
Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle. It has three leaflets: anterior,
posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets. \nThe names reflect the anatomical
relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is connected to the septal wall. It's
insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the anterior mitral valve
leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? \n
Often referred to as 2 main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies
directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium.
The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between
the two layers.Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous
pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. \n
The three major coronary arteries are the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the
circumflex arteries
The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ \n
The heart tube loops ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ \n
Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices \n
Endocardial cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and
becomes the _______ \n
Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? \n
Foreman ovale\nDuctus arteriosus
