Physiology and Pathophysiology Questions And Answers

*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* Ans Risk Ans Factor that when present increases the chance of disease Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor Prevalence Ans A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's ...

high output failure ~ is the inability of the heart to suppl the body with bloodborne nutrients, despite adequate blood volume andnormal or elevated myocardial contractility ventricular standstill or asystole ~ is not compatible with life PVC's ~ originates outside the normal conduction s...

What 2 research strategies are used to determine genetics vs env't ~ 1) Twin Studies: MZ DZ -often comparisons between MZ and DZ twins 2) Adoption studies Congenital Malformations ~ -present at birth -most are multifactorial -can be influence by env'tal factors -often have additional...

hypoxemia ~ low oxygen in the blood hypoxemic hypoxia ~ most common type of hypoxia, occurs when PaO2 drops below 80mmHg (such as due to altitude or disease impairing lung function) ischemic hypoxia ~ impaired tissue perfusion due to a cardiac or vascular disorder anemic hypoxia ~ o...

Ulcerative Colitis ~ -chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers -Most common at rectum and sigmoid colon -Causes: infections, genetic, age 20-40, Fhx, Ashkenazi Jews -S/S: left side pain, frequent large volume diarrhea with blood, anemia, tenesmus (urge to defecate) -Complic...

Respiratory Alkalosis ~ Arrows in the opposite direction Increased pH Increased HCO3 Hyperventilation Hyperventilation ~ Decreased CO2, H Increased pH = alkalosis associated with resp. alkalosis Hypoventilation ~ Increased CO2, H Decreased pH = acidosis associated with resp. acidos...

Wilm's Tumor ~ 1 in 10,000 children Chromosome 11** s/s: <5 years old, congenital abnormalities, lacking of iris, asymptomatic upper abdominal mass, hypertension due to tumor secreting renin, parent feels an abdominal mass when bathing child Testing: Abdominal U/S, CT, MRI, surgical...

Oliguric phase ~ Characterized by a urine output of 100-400 mL/24 hours that does not respond to fluid challenges or diuretic. Lasts 1-3 weeks. Laboratory Data includes increasing serum creatinine and BUN levels, hyperkalemia, bicarbonate deficit (metabolic acidosis) Hyperphosphatemia, hypoc...

What is cor pulmonale ~ Right sided heart failure due to respiratory disorder Causes; Pulmonary HTN, chronic lung disorders--> COPD, CF< Fibrotic lung disorders S/S: Dyspnea, exercise intolerance, cyanosis, pitting edema, ascites, JVD (jugular venous distension) What is a pulmonary ...

What are B-lymphocyte deficiencies? ~ Abnormal B-cell development leads to lower levels of circulating immunoglobulins which increases risk of infection Hypogammaglobulinemia (low antibody levels) or agammaglobulinemia (absent) What is T-Lymphocyte Deficiencies? ~ 1. DiGeorge syndrome: - P...

plays an important role in regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance, which together influence cardiac output and arterial pressure ~ RAAS mechanism •Calcium < 4 mEq/L ~ Hypocalcemia •Manifestations: dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendenci...