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GCU Bio 322 Pathophysiology Questions And Answers $12.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

GCU Bio 322 Pathophysiology Questions And Answers

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Ulcerative Colitis ~ -chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers -Most common at rectum and sigmoid colon -Causes: infections, genetic, age 20-40, Fhx, Ashkenazi Jews -S/S: left side pain, frequent large volume diarrhea with blood, anemia, tenesmus (urge to defecate) -Compli...

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  • August 8, 2024
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GCU Bio 322 Pathophysiology
Questions And Answers

Polycythemia


✓~ Excess RBC in circulation

Blood is more viscous, lead to decrease in flow of blood that can deprive organs

of oxygen




Anemia


✓~ Decreased RBC in circulation

Causes: Impaired erythrocyte production, blood loss, increased erythrocyte

destruction


Signs & Symptoms: Fatigue, Weakness, Dizziness, Pallor (pale) skin and MM,

smooth tongue (beefy red tongue due to Vitamin B12 deficiency)




Microcytic anemia

, ✓~ Small erythrocytes

Lack of maturation time or low levels of iron




Macrocytic anemia (megaloblastic anemia)


✓~ Cells are larger than normal

Lack certain nutrients necessary for successful DNA replication




Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)


✓~ 27-34 pg

Determined by dividing total mass of hemoglobin by number of red blood cells


MCHM (concentration) determines hemoglobin concentration


Hypochromic: lower amount of hemoglobin appear washed out and pale


Normochromic: normal cell color


Normochromic anemia: decrease in the number of cells through blood loss or

premature destruction of erythrocytes


Hyperchromic




Macrocytic Anemia

, ✓~ Lack of Vitamin B12 and folic acid (a B vitamin necessary for cell maturation

and DNA repair)




Thalassema


✓~ Group of genetic disorders that affect hemoglobin




Risk factors for anemia


✓~ Nutritional deficits (iron and Vitamin B), intestinal disorders preventing the

ability to absorb nutrients, chronic health problems, pregnant, gastrointestinal

bleeding, genetic risks (sickle cell disease)




Signs and Symptoms of Anemia


✓~ Increase in heart rate and cardiac output

Shunting of blood flow to vital organs such as heart and brain


Pulmonary function increase through increased respiratory rate


Pallor of the skin and mucous membrane


Cyanosis is not present


Headache, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue

, Tachycardia and ejection murmur




iron deficiency anemia


✓~ Reduction in dietary iron or loss of iron

Malabsorption of iron through GI tract or reduced dietary intake


Occurs through hemorrhage, menstrual blood loss in females, and

gastrointestinal bleeding in male and female


Gradual reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin


Cells become microcytic and hypochromic


Microcytic hypochromic anemia (decrease MCV or mean corpuscular volume,

decrease MCH or mean corpuscular hemoglobin, decrease MCHC)


Decreased mean corpuscular volume - microcytic


Decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration- hypochromic


Fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea, pallor, koilonychia, angular

cheilitis, tongue is pale smooth and shiny, pica disease


CBC shows decrease in red blood cells, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC




Cobalamin deficiency (Vitamin B12)

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