Comprehensive BIO 436 Q&A Bundle

Describe a neuron. What is a nerve? Starts with the dendrites and goes to the cell body then down the axon, which is covered in the myelin sheaths (dont forget nodes of ranvier), then down to the axon terminal. "Nerves" are bundles of neurons What is different between sensory/afferent and motor/...

Skeleton provides __ and __ for the body. Support; Articulation Skeletal muscle are connected to the bones by __, which are strong bundles of __ fibers. Tendons; Collagen Skeletal muscle is composed of long, __ cells called __ grouped into ___. Multinucleate; Fibers; Fascicles __ or __ muscles us...

Cardiac output (CO) cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume, normally 5.25 L/min CO = HR x SV End diastolic volume (EDV) volume of blood in ventricles at end diastole - one of the variables ...

Dissolved Gases (Plasma) Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, includes carbon dioxide and oxygen Large Plasma Proteins (Plasma) Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, more specifically made up of the proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen Small/Soluble blood components i.e....

Structure of the human heart -Heart has 4 chambers -2 atria receive blood from Venous system -2 Ventricles pump blood to arteries -2 Sides of heart are 2 pumps separated by muscular septum. What is the beats per minute of the average heart: 75 bpm What is the ml/beat of the average heart: 70 ml/be...

If someone gets hit hard in the head - why do they sometimes perceive light? A hit to the head sometimes creates an artifical AP in the cones of the eye, making it like they see light (according to some dudes quizlet.) abnormally trigger AP dude to law of specific nerve energies. transduce change e...

Sarcomere The basic unit of muscle contraction. A unit of proteins between Z-discs Thin Filaments (actin, tropomyosin, troponin) Thick Filaments (myosin) Stabilizer proteins (titin, nebula) Sequential events of contraction Ca+ binds to troponin> moves tropomyosin exposing actin> 1. Cross br...

Blood is considered what kind of tissue? Liquid tissue. Blood is made up of two major components, what are they? Plasma and cellular components Plasma makes up what percentage of blood? 55% of blood Plasma is made up MAINLY of.... it is made up mainly of water What else makes up plasma besides w...

The study of body functions in a disease state is called pathophysiology Human bodies are able to maintain a certain constancy of their internal environment. This statement refers to homeostasis in the body The 2 main fluid compartments within the body are intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid: p...

What is a cell membrane? Hydrophobic barrier to hydrophilic molecules What does a membrane allow a cell to do? It will be selective in what hydrophobic molecules it allows to pass through allows the cell to be selective of things that go in and out of the cell How do molecules pass through membran...

Ventilation is a result of skeletal muscle contraction When the diaphragm contracts, the volume in thoracic cavity increases What is inspiration? increase in thoracic volume reduces pressure in thoracic cavity, allowing atmospheric gas to enter lungs What is expiration? as diaphragm relaxes, pres...

Physiology The study of how the body works to maintain life Pathophysiology The study of how the physiological processes are altered in response to disease or injury How is homeostasis maintained? Negative feedback loops where the product functions to inhibit the beginning of the cellular process ...

NaKATP Pump Work the exact same in every tissue they are found in, however functions can be different which aids in prediction, symporter; 3 Na leave cell and 2 K go into cell Physiology Study of how the body works to maintain life Life Ability of a cell to do biochemistry; acquire, store, and use...

What does hematocrit measure? percentage of red blood cells in the blood Normal hematocrit for males 42-52% Why do males have a higher hematocrit? Males have higher levels of testosterone which stimulates the release of erythropoietin Normal hematocrit for females 37-47% What can be determined f...