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How is the Ames test used to quantitate mutagenic potential of chemical compounds? Select the TWO best answers. correct answers The Salmonella test strain used in the Ames test contains a mutation in the histidine biosynthetic pathway, which is used to identify compounds that induce back mutations t...

What is the difference between the net number of ATP generated by glycolysis from glucose produced by the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme reaction as compared to glucose obtained from the diet? correct answers One less net ATP is generated in glycolysis from dietary glucose as compared to glucose from...

Order the following steps in glycogen particle synthesis correct answers 1- The glycosyltransferase activity of glycogenin adds UDP-glucose to a tyrosine residue in glycogenin. 2- The glycogen synthase activity of glycogenin forms an α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that adds UDP-glucose to an O-linked gluc...

AL 1.1 - what is the difference between actual change in free energy (delta G) and standard change in free energy (delta G knot) with regard to the spontaneity of the cell. correct answers Delta G knot can be used to predict the spontaneity of a reaction under standard conditions, which are 1 atm, 2...

The lipase-mediated release of fatty acids can always be expected to occur when a person is correct answers running from a bear. The role of glycogenin is to correct answers serve as the origin of the glycogen polymer. Which particles transport triacylglycerols to adipose tissue for storage? c...

Serine is an example of a(n) ...., maltose is an example of a(n) examples of ..., guanine is an example of a(n)... and stearate is an example of a(n)... correct answers amino acid; simple sugar; nucleotide; fatty acid why can humans digest starch but not cellulose or chitin? correct answers human...

PSI is a key component of what transport system? correct answers photosynthetic electron transport system what is photooxidation? correct answers a reaction in which electrons from chlorophyll are transferred to an electron acceptor (performed by PSI) in photosynthesis, NADP+ is reduced to wha...

The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is the _____ correct answers loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons. If the Gibbs free energy change value for a reaction is less than zero, this reaction is ______ correct answers exergonic ...

Which of the following differentiates the biochemical standard state from the standard state when discussing standard free energy changes? correct answers pH of 7 If a typical person hydrolyzes 100.0 mol of ATP per day, how much does this ATP weigh? (The molecular weight of ATP is 507 g/mol.) cor...

A defect in which of the following enzymes leads to Tay-Sachs disease? correct answers Hexosamidase A Lipases are water-soluble enzymes in the small intestine that correct answers Hydrolyze triacylglycerols to fatty acids What disease is due to a deficiency in liver glycogen phosphorylase? cor...

In the duodenum, enteropeptidase ________________. correct answers cleaves trypsinogen to form trypsin Which of the three proteins in the ubiquination pathway is the most responsible for recognizing the ubiquinated target protein? correct answers E3 What is the regulatory mechanism by which ar...

Number the RNA processing steps in order from 1-6 to generate mRNA transcript. a) ___ 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation b)__ binding of the U1 and U2 snRNPs c)__ generating 7-methylguanosine at 5' end d)__ mRNA export from the nucleus to cytosol e) __ribozyme cleavage of the intron lariat ...

Why is celecoxib selective for COX-2 inhibition as compared to COX-1 inhibition? COX-1 contains Ile-523, whereas COX-2 contains Val-523, which permits celecoxib binding. COX-1 contains Ile-523, whereas COX-2 contains Val-523, which blocks celecoxib binding. COX-1 contains Val-523, whereas COX...

Protons are pumped by mitochondria during active electron transport correct answers outside the inner mitochondrial membrane. As electrons from NADH pass through the electron transport system, correct answers protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane to create a pH gradient. The fir...

All of the following are true of both chloroplasts and mitochondria Except that they correct answers produce NADPH inside the organelle The chloroplast contains a highly folded membrane called the correct answers thylakoid On excitation by a photon, a fate of the excited chlorophyll molecule i...

The term greenhouse effect refers to the idea that correct answers The temperature of the earth is increasing because of heat trapped by gasses such as CO2 What is the overall reaction for the Calvin Cycle, or dark reactions? correct answers 3CO2 + 6NADPH + 9ATP + 6H2O --> Glyceraldehyde-3-Pho...

Tyr122 is important in the mechanism of the E. coli ribonucleotide reductase. The function of this amino acid in the mechanism is to carry out a nucleophilic attack on the substrate. coordinate water in the active site. generate the Cys439 radical species. hydrogen-bond to the phosphates of th...

Approximately how many light harvesting chromophores ar found per photosystem enzyme, such as in PSI and PSII? A. 2 B. About a dozen C. About 100 to 200 D. About 1000 to 2000 correct answers C. About 100 to 200 All of the following are true of both chloroplasts and mitochondria EXCEPT that th...

By what process are LDL particles removed selectively from the blood serum? A. through targeted digestion by serum lipases B. by receptor-mediated endocytosis C. They are replenished with triacylglycerols and never removed. D. They form atherosclerotic plaques. correct answers by receptor-mediat...

The Biosphere 2 project, in Tucson, Arizona, was an experiment involving a large sealed terrarium with humans and photosynthetic plants living in balance. Why did the project have to be interrupted after only a few months? Levels of CO2 rose to dangerous levels. The humans ran out of food. The ...

Protons are pumped by mitochondria during active electron transport correct answers outside the inner mitochondrial membrane. As electrons from NADH pass through the electron transport system, correct answers protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane to create a pH gradient. The fir...

The cytochrome b6f complex of the photosynthetic electron transport system is responsible for translocating 8 H+ into the thylakoid space from the stroma. However, a total of 12 H+ accumulate inside the thylakoid space as a result of photon absorption by PSII and PSI. What is the origin of the other...

The amount of cholesterol in cell membranes varies from ~40% of lipids in the ______________ membrane to ~10% of lipids in the __________________ membranes correct answers The amount of cholesterol in cell membranes varies from ~40% of lipids in the plasma membrane to ~10% of lipids in the endoplasm...

who typically has a positive nitrogen balance? correct answers young children and pregnant women what is negative nitrogen balance a sign of? correct answers disease or starvation what is nitrogen balance? correct answers the amount of daily nitrogen intake is equal to the amount of nitrogen l...

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together? correct answers Helicase unwinds DNA and gyrase relieves the torsional strain. Match the name of the DNA repair mechanism with the correct description. Functions with DNA replication to remove incorrect nucleotides from the nascent strand. R...

In the Krebs bicycle, which of the following citrate cycle intermediates links to the urea cycle via argininosuccinate? correct answers Fumarate Which of the following is correct and most accurately describes the complete urea cycle of the eukaryotic cell? correct answers The urea cycle occurs be...

What must be constant for a living organism to maintain a homeostatic condition that is far from equilibrium? correct answers constant input of energy What do living systems abide by? correct answers the Laws of Thermodynamics; the spontaneity of biochemical reactions is expressed as ΔGo' in kJ...

What would be the effect of a mutation in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene that decreased the rate of mismatches? correct answers Any decrease in the error rate of HIVRT would result in an overall decrease in the rate of viral mutations. This would probably not be an advantage for the virus, as ...

Choose the ONE true statement referring to the following coupled reactions: correct answers Rxn2 (B↔C) is unfavorable in the forward direction on its own, but if coupled to Rxn3 (C↔D), the overall conversion of B to D will occur. Which of the following is the correct formula for glucose? corr...

Which one of the following is involved in the breakdown of glycogen? A. Amylase B. ATP C. Inorganic phosphate D. phosphofructokinase correct answers C. Inorganic phosphate Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of alpha(1,6) linkages during glycogen synthesis? A. Glycogen synthase B. Glycogen...