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Define homeostasis and explain how it relates to pathophysiology - ️️Cells need to communicate with each other to maintain a stable internal environment, to regulate their growth and division to oversee their development and organization into tissues, and to coordinate their functions. The ei...

Dysplasia - ️️abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not considered a true adaptive process) Is dysplasia the same thing as cancer? - ️️although dysplasia functions similar to cancer and is often located next to cancerous growths, it doesn't indicate canc...

Neuropathic Pain - Correct Answer-pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system Phantom Limb Pain - Correct Answer-neuropathic pain from nerve trauma or disease - Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation - Cause: • Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves • Scar tissue ...

Tumour suppressor genes - Correct Answer-regulate cell cycle. Inhibits proliferation resulting from growth signals, stop cell division, and prevent mutations Angiogenesis - Correct Answer-major component of wound healing, process of establishing new blood vessels within the tissue undergoing repa...

What is cell injury? - Correct Answer-When a cell cannot maintain homeostasis. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible When is a cell injury irreversible? - Correct Answer-Once change to the nucleus occur and cell membranes are disrupted. (will lead to cell death) What causes hypoxic inju...

What is chronic pain? - ️️Persistent or recurring, lasts 3-6 months, often difficult to treat What are the 4 common excitatory neurotransmitters? - ️️Glutamate, aspartate, substance P, calcitonin. Which peripheral mechanisms trigger the release of excitatory neurotransmitters? - ️️t...

what is the most common cause of hypoxia - ️️ischemia (reduced blood supply) what are the mechanisms of ischemia- reperfusion injury - ️️oxidative stress, increased intracellular calcium concentration, inflammation, complement activation why are free radicals dangerous - ️️Highly reac...