Biochemistry C 785 Gina Study Guide 2021/22

 Central Dogma—Know it and know how to place it on picture  Replication- copying  transcription- DNA to RNA  translation- mRNA to amino acids  Question about what DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA  TRANSCRIPTION DNA takes the individual nucleotides and matches them to the PARENTAL sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind to RNA primer to work!  DNA polymerase is needed for DNA replication Coding (non template) Template (non coding) mRNA tRNA/amino acid Mutations Nonsense- stop all that nonsense, puts a stop codon in. Silent- Changes 1 nucleotide, but keeps the same amino acid Missense- change in 1 nucleotide results in a completely different amino acid Frameshift- insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs (no multiples of 3) Point mutation- single change to a base pair  Base Excision Repair, know about it This is how you repair a mutation. Base excision repair is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules. You removed the base that is damaged and replace it. Recognize, remove, resynthesize, litigate DNA Glycosylase identifies the damaged DNA and removes it DNA polymerase puts the right base back in while DNA ligase seals it back up.  Base excision repair (BER) removes a single nucleotide!!!!!! Only one base camp!  Mismatch repair is the only one to occur during REPLICATION—DURING THE PROOFREADING. o During replication, DNA polymerase proofreads, but sometimes a mismatch occurs. So MMR removes a LARGE section of the nucleotides from the new DNA, DNA polymerase tries again. o Know what damage MMR repairs in DNA: G-C A-