Blood Vessels part 2, UTHSC Fall 2022 D2 Pathology

Blood Vessels part 2, UTHSC Fall 2022 D2 Pathology Giant-Cell (Temporal) Arteritis - The most common form of vaculities among old people in US and Europe - 50 years - A chronic, granulomatous inflammation of large to small-sized arteries - Predominantly in head - Facial pain or headache - Blindness in case of ophthalmic artery involvement - An initial T cell-mediated immune response Giant-Cell (Temporal) Arteritis morphology - Nodular intimal thickening - Reduced the luminal diameter - Medial granulomatous inflammation - Elastic lamina fragmentation Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAD) - A systemic vasculitis of small or medium-sized muscular arteries - Typically involving renal and visceral vessels - No association with ANCAs - 30% associated with chronic hepatitis B - Young adults - Malaise, fever, and weight loss, hypertension (renal involvement), abdominal pain and melena (GI involvement), muscular pain, and peripheral neuritis what are the symptoms of Polyarteritis Nodosa? Malaise, fever, and weight loss, hypertension (renal involvement), abdominal pain and melena (GI involvement), muscular pain, and peripheral neuritis Polyarteritis Nodosa typically involves what vessels? renal and visceral vessels Polyarteritis Nodosa morphology - Segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation → weakening the arterial wall → aneurysm or rupture - Impaired perfusion → ulcerations, infarct - Transmural inflammation → fibrinoid necrosis - Luminal thrombosis Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis) - A necrotizing vasculitis - Limited forms, restricted to respiratory tract - T-cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction - PR3-ANCAs (c-ANCA; c-antoneutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) in up to 95% of the cases, a useful marker of disease activity what are the symptoms of Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)? - Acute necrotizi