NBME Histology Full Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1.Nuclear pores: A)Combine to form a hexagonal structure B)Have 50nm in diameter C)Their number is not connected with cellular activity D)Nuclear lamina are connected to their inner rings E)A and C are correct F)B and D are correct - ANSWER-E)A and C are correct The conducting zone of the respiratory system: A) Includes the upper airways, trachea and the bronchial tree (including the terminal bronchioles) B) Is designed for airflow and respiration C) Includes only the nose and the pharynx D) Is designed for olfactory E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-A) Includes the upper airways, trachea and the bronchial tree (including the terminal bronchioles) ***The bronchial tree starts with the primary bronchi: A)And ends with the respiratory bronchioles B) And on each section is lined with the simple columnar epithelium C) And is composed of submucosa with plates of fibrocartilage D) And is part of the conducting portion E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) And is part of the conducting portion ***The feature of skeletal muscles is: A) Composed of mononucleated cells B) Have myofibrils that does not possess A bands C) Are composed of bundles of multinucleated fibers D) Their contraction is slow and not subject to voluntary control E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-C) Are composed of bundles of multinucleated fibers ***In the skeletal muscle thin filaments are composed of: A) Actin B) Myosin C) Tropomyosin D) Light and heavy chains E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-E) A and C are correct ***The contraction of skeletal muscle requires: A) GTP B) ATP C) Mg ions D) Ca ions E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-F) B and D are correct ***Sarcomere: A) Is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle B) Is the basic contractile unit of smooth muscle C) Consist of thick and thin filaments D) Extends from A band to M line E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-E) A and C are correct ***What cell type secretes ACTH? A) Lactotropic cells B) Thyrotropic cells C) Somatotropic cells D) Corticotropic cells E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) Corticotropic cells ***Which of the following phrases concerning osteocytes are correct: A) Oval active cells B) Placed in Howship's lacunae C) Secrete osteoid D) Almond-shaped cells E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) Almond-shaped cells ***Periosteum consists of: A) Outer layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts B) Outer layer of osteoprogenitor cells C) Inner layer of osteoprogenitor cells D) Inner layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-E) A and C are correct ***Which of the following phrases concerning intramembranous ossification are correct: A) Is source of most of the flat bones B) Is source of most of the long bones C) Begins from mesenchymal condensation D) Starts from the bone collar formation E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-E) A and C are correct ***Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin? A) Principal cell B) Oxyphil cell C) Parafollicular cells D) Follicular cells E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) Follicular cells ***Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids? A) Chromaffin cells B) Zona reticularis C) Zona glomerulosa D) Zona fasciculata E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) Zona fasciculata ***Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system? A) Products secreted into blood B) Glands with ducts C) Secretes hormones D) Secretory activity of endocrine gland is controlled E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-B) Glands with ducts ***Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil? A) Gonadotropic cells B) Corticotropic cells C) Thyrotropic cells D) Lactotropic cells E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) Lactotropic cells ***The plasma membrane consists of the following elements except: A) Transmembrane proteins B) Peripheral proteins C) Cholesterol D) microfibers E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-D) microfibers ***The glycocalyx can be defined as: A) The masses of extracellular matrix B) Basement membrane rich is collagen C) Layer made of carbohydrate chains linked D) A thin sheath of actin filaments located beneath the cell membrane E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-C) Layer made of carbohydrate chains linked ***A process by which liquid droplets are ingested by living cells is: A) Active transport B) Phagocytosis C) Pinocytosis D) Facilitated diffusion E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-C) Pinocytosis ***Cytoplasmic structures consisting of 2 central microtubules surrounded by 9 microtubule doublets were recognized as: A) Cilia B) Microvilli C) Axoneme D) Centrioles E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-E) A and C are correct ***Which of the following has a rigid wall composed of 13 protofilaments strands? A) Microtubule B) Microfilament C) Neurofilament D) keratin E) A and C are correct F) B and D are correct - ANSWER-A) Microtubule ***Which of the following phrases concerning endochondral ossification is/are correct: A. It is the source of most of the flat bones B. It is source of most long bones C. It begins from mesenchymal condensation D. Starts from the bone collar formation E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Which of the following phrases concerning epiphyseal cartilage is/are correct: A. Is is also called epiphyseal plate B. It is well vascularized C. Is placed between epiphysis and diaphysis D. A and C are correct E. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. A and C are correct ***Which of the following zones of epiphyseal cartilage is/are responsible for the growth in length of a long bone: A. Proliferative zone B. Resting zone C. Hypertrophic cartilage zone D. Calcified cartilage zone E. A and C are correct F.B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Proliferative zone ***Which of the following phrases concerning physiological role of osteoblasts is/are correct: A. Osteoid secretion B. Proteolytic enzymes secretion C. Hormones secretion D. Calcium ions secretion E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-E. A and C are correct ***Which of the following of the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin components is/are expressed in osteoclasts: A. RANK B. RANKL C. Osteoprotegerin D. Soluble RANKL E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. RANK ***Which of the following cellular structures gives rise (origin) to the cell projection that conducts impulses away from the cell body? A. Axon hillock B. Centromere C. Nissl body D. A and C are correct E. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Axon hillock ***In the CNS, the term "nucleus" refers to which of the following? A. Bundle of functionally related axons B. Aggregate of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex C. Bundle of functionally related dendrites D. Cluster of functionally related neuronal cell bodies E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Cluster of functionally related neuronal cell bodies ***Which of the following best describes the function of nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral nervous system? A. Release and degradation of neurotransmitters B. Saltatory conduction of nerve impulse C. Uptake of O2 and nutrients D. Formation of neuromuscular junction E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. Saltatory conduction of nerve impulse ***Which of the following structures is a component of the CNS? A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Brainstem C. Post-synaptic parasympathetic ganglion D. Paravertebral sympathetic chain E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. Brainstem ***Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS? A. Establishment of blood brain barrier B. Myelination of neuronal axons C. Phagocytosis and defense against injury D. Production of CSF E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-E. A and C ***Pyloric glands are first of all composed of: A. Chief cells B. Mucous cells C. Parietal cells D. Goblet cells E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. Mucous cells ***What type of mucous surface cells are found in the stomach and intestines? A. Transitional ep. B. Simple cuboidal ep. C. Simple columnar ep. D. Stratified squamous ep. E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-C. Simple columnar ep ***Cytoplasmic processes found on the apical surface of absorptive cells are called: A. Villi B. Microvilli C. Plicae D. Cilia E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. Microvilli ***The aggregation of lymphatic nodules in digestive tube wall is called: A. Lymph node B. Fungiform papilla C. Intestinal crypt D. Peyers patches E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Peyers patches ***Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains GALT? A. Mucosa B. Serosa C. Muscularis externa D. Muscularis mucosa E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Mucosa ***Merocrine glands: A. Release their secretion by exocytosis without any loss of cellular compartments B. Release their secretion by exocytosis with loss of cellular compartments C. E.g. the sebaceous glands of the skin D. Belong to endocrine glands E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Release their secretion by exocytosis without any loss of cellular compartments ***The cells that make up epithelium A. Are closely opposed and adhere to one another B. Their apical surface is attached to an underlying basement membrane C. Lack a free surface in special situation, such cells aggregate to epitheliod tissues D. Their lateral surface is attached to an underlying basement membrane E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-E. A and C are correct ***Epithelium lining of the vascular system is: A. Mesothelium B. Transitional epithelium C. Pseudostratified epithelium D. Endothelium E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Endothelium ***Select a false sentence: A. Microvilli extend from the cell surface as a cytoplasmic process B. Stereocilia are motile, branches microvilli C. The striated border in the kidney tubule cells is called the brush border D. Cilia contains an organized core of microtubules arranged in a 9+1 pattern E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Occluding junctions: A. Provide mechanical stability to epithelial cells B. Are called tight junctions C. Allow direct communication between adjacent cells D. The zonula occludens proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 are the transmembrane proteins in occluding junctions E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. Are called tight junctions ***What type of hormone is responsible for maintaining of corpus luteum during a pregnancy? A. LH B. hCG C. Estrogen D. Progesterone E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. hCG ***What type of structure in the ovary contains the oocyte? A. Follicle B. Germinal epithelium C. Medulla D. Tunica albuginea E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Follicle ***What type of hormone produced developing trophoblast? This hormone is secreted only when fertilization occured. A. FSH B. hCG C. Estrogen D. Progesterone E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-B. hCG ***Which of the following biological processes accounts for the transformation of a primary to a secondary ovarian follicle? A. Deposition of the extracellular matrix B. Extracellular fluid accumulation C. Formation of a second polar body D. Maturation of the zona pellucida E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Which of the following ovarian cells secretes a steroid hormone that stimulates the growth of uterine glands during proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle? A. Granulosa cells B. Granulosa lutein cells C. Theca externa cells D. Theca interna cells E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Theca interna cells ***Choose the proper bile excretory pathway in the hepatic lobule(from center to periphery): A. Periportal bile ductule - portal bile duct - bile canaliculus B. Periportal bile ductule - bile canaliculus - portal bile duct C. bile canaliculus - periportal bile ductule - portal bile duct D. portal bile duct - bile canaliculus - periportal bile ductule E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-C. bile canaliculus - periportal bile ductule - portal bile duct ***In the liver the portal triad form the central axis in: A. The liver lobe B. The classic lobule C. The portal lobule D. The liver acinus E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-C. The portal lobule ***Hepatocytes are involved in: A. The regulation of blood flow in the sinusoids B. The synthesis of glycogen C. The metabolism of aged erythrocytes and hemoglobin digestion D. The detoxification of drugs and toxins E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Perisinusoidal cells of Ito are involved in: A. The storage and release of retinoids B. The synthesis of cholesterol and bile salts C. The production and turnover of extracellular matrix D. The breakdown of glycogen into glucose E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-E. A and C are correct ***Metabolism of aged erythrocytes, digestion of hemoglobin, secretion of proteins related to immunological processes, these are the functions of: A. Hepatocytes B. Kupffer cells C. Ito cells D. Liver macrophages E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Smooth muscle can be stimulated to contract by: A. Nervous stimulation B. Immunological stimulation C. Hormonal stimulation D. Cell to cell stimulation E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-E. A and C are correct ***The features of the cardiac muscle are: A. Lack of cross-striations B. Composed of branched cells C. Cells have peripherally located nucleus D. Cells linked to each other by intercalated disks E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Smooth muscle: A. Have regenerative potential thanks to mitotic divisions of muscle cells B. Have limited regenerative potential thanks to mitotic divisions of satellite cells C. Have no regenerative capacity D. Have regenerative potential thanks to replacement by connective tissue E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-A. Have regenerative potential thanks to mitotic divisions of muscle cells ***All the features of cardiac muscle are true EXCEPT of: A. Numerous mitochondria B. Fatty acids stored in a lipid droplets C. T tubules associated with two lateral cisternae endoplasmic reticulum D. Contraction is involuntary E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-C. T tubules associated with two lateral cisternae endoplasmic reticulum ***Which part of the nephron removes water, ions and nutrients from the blood? A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Loop of Henle C. Renal corpuscle D. Peritubular capillaries E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Peritubular capillaries ***Which of the following statements is true? A. A glomerulus is functional unit of the kidney B. Mesangial cells are responding to aldosteron C. The capsule of Bowman has two layers D. Renin initiates the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-C. The capsule of Bowman has two layers ***Which of the following statements is not true? A. Juxtaglomerular cells produce renin B. Interlobar arteries are located between the medullary rays C. Podocytes form a visceral layer of Bowman's capsule D. Mesangial cells have receptors for the angiotensin 1 E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Which of the statements of mesangial cells is not correct: A. Are located between capillaries B. Secretion of prostaglandins and endothelins C. Regulate blood flow D. Responding to angiotensin 1 E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-D. Responding to angiotensin 1 ***Distal convoluted tubule: A. Is lined with simple columnar epithelium B. Macula densa C. Well developed brush border D. Secretes potassium ions E. A and C are correct F. B and D are correct - ANSWER-F. B and D are correct ***Myoepithelial cells: A. Surround the secretory portion of salivary gland B. Form serous demilunes C. Are called basket cells D. Form interlobular ducts E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***The duct system of the salivary gland consists of A. Mucous tubules B. Striated ducts C. Serous acinus D. Intercalated ducts E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-F. B and D ***The parotid gland: A. Is simple acinar gland B. Is located inferior and anterior to the external acoustic meatus C. Is mixed D. Draining their secretions into the vestibule of the oral cavity E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-F. B and D ***The sublingual gland: A. Consists exclusively of serous cells B. Is located on either side of the mouth under the tongue C. Is simple acinar gland D. Draining their secretions into the vestibule of the oral cavity E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-B. Is located on either side of the mouth under the tongue ***Lysozyme: A. Is an enzyme with antimacrobial activity B. Is produced in intercalated ducts C. Is part of the innate immune system D. Is produced in striated ducts E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***Dentin: A. Is a calcified tissue of the tooth B. Is produced by ? C. Is placed in dental chamber D. Is present only in deciduous teeth E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-A. Is a calcified tissue of the tooth Oligodendrocytes: A. Are small cells that are active in the formation and maintenance of myelin in the PNS B. Are small cells that are active in the formation and maintenance of myelin in the CNS C. Form myelin around one and only one axon D. Form myelin around several axons E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-F. B and D Neuronal cell bodies located outside the CNS and surrounded by glial cells (called satellite cells) is called a: A. Nucleus B. Nerve C. Ganglion D. Commissure E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-C. Ganglion Node of Ranvier is the junction: A. Where two adjacent oligodendrocytes meet B. Where two adjacent Schwann cells meet C. Is enriched of myelin D. Is devoid of myelin E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-F. B and D Ependymal cells: A. Are squamous epithelial cells lining the ventricle of the brain B. Are simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells lining the ventricle of the brain C. Are joined together by gap junctions (nexons) D. Are ciliated cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-F. B and D ***Keratinocytes are connected: A. With melanocytes by desmosomes B. With basal lamina by hemidesmosomes C. With Langherans' cells by desmosomes D. With Merkel cells by focal adhesions E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-B. With basal lamina by hemidesmosomes ***The nucleosome is: A. Also referred to as infromosome B. Perichromatin granules C. The third stage of chromatin packing D. A section of DNA wrapped around the histone protein core E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-D. A section of DNA wrapped around the histone protein core ***During interphase: A. G1 phase constitutes the first phase B. Meiosis takes place C. Cellular DNA replicated in the S-phase D. Telophase is the final phase E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***During telophase: A. Daughter cells structures are reconstructed B. Chromatin condensation occurs C. Nuclear envelope is regenerated D. The mitotic spindle structures are retained E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***Cellular nucleus: A. Is alkaline B. Collects all genetic information C. Mature cells are provided with nuclei of various shapes D. All cells have the nucleus E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-C. Mature cells are provided with nuclei of various shapes ***Nuclear pores: A. Combine to form a hexagonal structure B. Have 50nm in diamater C. Their number is not connected with cellular actvitiy D. Nuclear lamina is connected to their inner rings E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-D. Nuclear lamina is connected to their inner rings ***The conducting zone of the respiratory system: A. Includes the upper airway, trachea and the bronchial tree (including the terminal bronchioles) B. Is designed for airflow and respiration C. Includes only the nose and the pharynx D. Is designed for olfactory E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-A. Includes the upper airway, trachea and the bronchial tree (including the terminal bronchioles) ***The olfactory epithelium: A. Possess the excretory ducts of seromucous glands B. Is located in the mucous membrane of the respiratory area of the nasal cavity C. Is composed of three types of cells including nerve cells D. Is a simple columnar epithelium with cilia E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-C. Is composed of three types of cells including nerve cells ***The bronchial tree starts with the primary bronchi: A. And ends with the respiratory bronchioles B. And on each section is lined with the simple columnar epithelium C. And is composed of submucous with plates of fibrocartilage D. And is part of the conducting portion E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-D. And is part of the conducting portion ***During inhalation: A. Diameter and length of the bronchi increase B. Rib cage expands C. Diameter of the alveoli decreases D. Diaphragm contracts upwards E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-B. Rib cage expands ***The external respiration is the diffusion of: A. Bicarbonate ions from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar sacs B. Oxygen from systemic capillaries into tissues C. Oxyhemoglobin from alveolar sacs into pulmonary capillaries D. Carbaminohemoglobin from tissue fluid into systemic capillaries E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***The feature of skeletal muscle is: A. Composed of mononucleated cells B. Have myofibrils that do not possess A bands C. Are composed of bundles of multinucleated fibers D. Their contraction is slow and not subject to voluntary control E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-C. Are composed of bundles of multinucleated fibers ***In the skeletal muscle thin filaments are composed of: A. Actin B. Myosin C. Tropomyosin D. Light and heavy chains E. A and C F. B and D - ANSWER-E. A and C ***The contraction of skeletal muscle requires: A. GTP B. ATP C. Mg ions D. Ca ions E. A and C