EFDA Practice Questions with correct Answers (Graded A)

In the Federation Dentaire International System for numbering, the first number represents a _________, while the second number represents a _________. - Answer- quadrant, tooth What is the visible portion of the anatomical crown known as? - Answer- the clinical crown The area where the roots divide - Answer- furcation The point or area where approximating teeth in the same arch touch or meet each other is referred to as the ________. - Answer- contact area Where are the TWO purposes of contact areas? - Answer- -to keep food from packing between the teeth -help stabilize the dental arches Coronal to the actual division into two or more roots is a concavity that extends to or nearly to the CEJ. This concavity is called - Answer- the furrow What is the HARDEST tissue in the body? - Answer- enamel What cells form enamel? - Answer- ameloblasts The bulk of the tooth is made up of - Answer- dentin In permanent teeth, the process of enamel formation is completed about ___ years before eruption. - Answer- 3 What is the composition of enamel? - Answer- 95% inorganic matter, 5% organic matter and water What is the SECOND hardest material in the body? - Answer- dentin What is the composition of dentin? - Answer- 70% inorganic, 20% organic, 10% water The three major types of dentin - Answer- primary, secondary, reparative What type of dentin is a DEFENSE reaction to an area of injury? - Answer- reparative dentin What has the HIGHEST fluoride content of all the materialized tissue? - Answer- cementum The two types of cementum - Answer- acellular and cellular What type of cementum ACTIVELY produces new layers of cementum throughout the life of the tooth? - Answer- cellular What teeth have the cusp of Carabelli? - Answer- maxillary first molars The ridge formed by the union of two triangular ridges - Answer- transverse ridge The spillway provides an escape for food from the _______ surface during the mastication (chewing) process. - Answer- occlusal The uncut tooth structure adjacent to the cavity prep - Answer- cavosurface line angle - Answer- two walls point angle - Answer- three walls A thin soft tissue that is loosely attached to the underlying bone - Answer- alveolar mucosa T or F Undue stress continually placed on the body can contribute to lower back pain, circulatory problems, muscle aches, and tension - Answer- True When seated, the thighs should be _______ to the floor - Answer- parallel The chair is raised or lowered to achieve ____ to ____ inches distance between the patient's face and the operator's face - Answer- 12 to 14 The back of the patient chair is raised until its angle to the floor is ______ degrees - Answer- 25-45 The three basic parts of an instrument are - Answer- the working end, shank, and handle When seated, the lower legs should be _______ to the floor - Answer- perpendicular If the operator needs to lean forward, it should be done by bending at the - Answer- hips or neck What will increase visibility to the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth? - Answer- having the patient tilt their chin down The flat, smooth working end of a condenser is referred to as - Answer- the nib The FOUR basic principles of instrument use - Answer- grasp, finger rest, adaption, activation What grasp offers the GREATEST control of instrumentation during dental procedures in the oral cavity? - Answer- modified pen grasp The relationship between the working end of the instrument and the tooth surface - Answer- adaption The point of support or rest from which the hand moves to activate the instrument and obtain the best position or adaption - Answer- finger rest or fulcrum The movement of the instrument - Answer- activation Most cavers are designed to _____ material rather than push it - Answer- pull What are known as the OLDEST method used for retraction and dryness and are recommended for isolation during SHORT procedures? - Answer- cotton rolls T or F Cotton rolls should be adjacent to the parotid and sublingual gland ducts to absorb the flow of saliva coming from these ducts - Answer- True T or F The advantage of a cotton roll holder is that the cheek and tongue are SLIGHTLY retracted thus giving better visibility - Answer- True The part of the rubber dam clamp that is expanded to fit over a tooth - Answer- jaw A general guideline to placing a rubber dam is to isolate at least ____ tooth distal, and _____ teeth mesial to the tooth being restored. - Answer- one tooth distal, two teeth mesial The rubber dam clamp should contact the tooth in at least ____ areas or points - Answer- four The bow of the clamp should be positioned _______ and ________ to the clamped tooth - Answer- distal, occlusal What is the key to stabilization of the rubber dam? - Answer- clamp What clamp allows the rubber dam to be attached to it prior to placement? - Answer- winged What may be necessary during rubber dam isolation for a Class V cavity prep - Answer- a gingival retractor For facial class V restorations, punch the rubber dam displacing the hole facially _______ mm - Answer- 3-6mm What are used to protect the pulp or to aid in its recovery? - Answer- bases and liners A strong stream of air that can dry the dentin and injure the pulp - Answer- desiccation What are POOR conductors of heat, and are therefore the natural protectors of the pulp? - Answer- enamel and dentin What function to SEAL off the cavity preparation, basically reducing the diffusion of chemicals/bacteria into the dentin? - Answer- sealers What are cavity varnishes? - Answer- sealers How many coats of cavity varnish are needed? - Answer- 2 coats Bases that are used to protect the pulp from the pressures exerted on it during amalgam placement (condensing) - Answer- reinforcers What are referred to as bases AND are placed to insulate the pulp from thermal irritation? - Answer- insulators What CANNOT be placed under composite restorations? - Answer- copal varnish and ZOE What material needs to be mixed on a glass slab due to the exothermic reaction given? - Answer- zinc phosphate What has the ability to SOOTHE the sensitive pulp or reduce the irritability of a pulp? - Answer- obtundents What are used in deep cavity preps where the remaining layer of dentin over the pulp is very thin in order to STIMULATE a thickening of the dentin layer? - Answer- stimulators What material is used as a pulp stimulator? - Answer- calcium hydroxide The thickness of calcium hydroxide should be at least ______ mm - Answer- 0.5 The release of fluoride makes this material unique and advantageous to the patient - Answer- glass ionomer What is the MAIN component of amalgam? - Answer- silver The reaction between the alloy and the mercury - Answer- amalgamation The percentage of silver in amalgam - Answer- 41-71% The combination of tin and mercury results in - Answer- Gamma 2 phase The slow change in dimensions of the amalgam due to prolonged exposure to stress - Answer- creep What are the TWO types of alloy particles? - Answer- lathe and spherical cut What aids in combining the mercury with the alloy? - Answer- tin What is the percentage of zinc in amalgam? - Answer- 0-1% What prevents oxidation during the manufacturing process AND reduces brittleness in the amalgam? - Answer- zinc What other metals CAN BE included in amalgam? - Answer- palladium, indium, gold What is the percentage of tin in amalgam? - Answer- 15-30% What combines easily with mercury? - Answer- silver The percentage of LOW copper in amalgam - Answer- less than 9% Amalgam that contains more than ______ mercury is considered to be "mercury-rich" - Answer- 54% The compressive strength of an amalgam 20 minutes after placement is only _____ of the strength it will have at the end of one week - Answer- 6% What occurs when dissimilar metals in the mouth act like a battery and upon contact, conduct an electric current resulting in pain? - Answer- galvanism What is the percentage of HIGH copper in amalgam? - Answer- 12-30% What produces a drier mix, lacks mercury, and lacks cohesiveness to the mass when it is placed? - Answer- undertrituration What part of the Tofflemire increases or decreases the CIRCUMFERENCE of the band loop? - Answer- inner adjusting nut What embrasure is usually the largest and is best suited for wedge placement? - Answer- lingual What usually indicates premature contact of teeth during function? - Answer- a wear facet If the submarginal area is greater than ______ mm, the amalgam must be removed and replaced - Answer- 0.2 T or F Evidence suggests that polishing of high-copper amalgams is unnecessary - Answer- True Finishing and polishing should not be done until the amalgam has reached its finial set, approximately _____ hours after it has been placed and carved - Answer- 24-48 Which is used first, the amalgam knife or file? - Answer- the knife What can be used to eliminate submarginal areas of less than 0.2 mm? - Answer- a tapered white stone What was the FIRST tooth colored restorative material? - Answer- porcelain Retention between tooth and bonding agent - Answer- mechanical Conventional large particle composite resins contain ____ to ____ inorganic filler by weight. - Answer- 75-80% If saliva contacts the cavity prep, the operator should reapply the acid etchant for ____ seconds, then rinse and isolate the preparation again. - Answer- 10 How long should acid etchant be left on a tooth? - Answer- 15 seconds on enamel and 15 seconds on dentin, for a total of 30 seconds For maximum cure of the resin, the end of the curing wand must be within ____ to ____ mm of the resin - Answer- 2-3 The process through which composite resins harden - Answer- polymerization What type of cavity prep allows maximal tooth structure to be conserved with minimal pulpal irritation? - Answer- modified cavity preps Microfilled resins have an inorganic filler content of approximately ____ to ____ by weight - Answer- 40-60% The retention between bonding agent and composite - Answer- chemical Hybrid composite materials have an inorganic filler content of approximately ____ to _____ by weight. - Answer- 70-80% Margins of class II composite resin restorations placed without use of rubber dam demonstrate marginal leakage ___ to ___ weeks after placement. - Answer- 4 to 6 If dentin is less than ____ mm thick, place calcium hydroxide nearest to the pulp - Answer- 0.5 What is known as the "sandwich" technique? - Answer- glass ionomer UNDER composite Seat the patient _____ for the final occlusion check. - Answer- upright What is the MAJOR source of contamination contributing to sealant failure? - Answer- saliva If pins are utilized, how many pins are generally placed for each missing cusp? - Answer- one What is a pathologic wearing away of tooth structure by friction and is often associated with faulty or overzealous tooth brushing techniques? - Answer- abrasion A term indicating the gradual loss of tooth structure along the biting surface due to occlusal wear - Answer- attrition What is believed to be due to a chemical process? - Answer- erosion What is the primary goal of operative dentistry? - Answer- to remove diseased tissue and replace it while reestablishing proper dental anatomy and function What should be slightly OUT of occlusion? - Answer- temp fillings such as ZOE or class IV restorations What is known as allowing oral fluids to enter at the restoration/tooth structure margin? - Answer- percolation Recent data indicates that approximately ___% of the caries in the permanent teeth of children occur in pits and fissures - Answer- 90% Why were dental sealants created? - Answer- to provide a physical barrier over occlusal fissures to prevent plaque, bacteria, and food debris from collecting in grooves What type of dental sealant require occlusal adjustment? - Answer- filled Dental sealants can either be - Answer- chemical or light cured If a sealant fails, it usually fails within the first ___ to ___ months of initial placement - Answer- 6 to 12 These cavity preparations were developed to minimize the amount of tooth structure that needs to be removed in order to restore the tooth - Answer- tunnel and slot preps What are dental sealants made of? - Answer- Bisphenol A and Glycidylmethacrylate (BIS-GMA) Refers to general contouring with various instruments to achieve the desired overall anatomy - Answer- finishing Glass ionomer is a hybrid of - Answer- silicate and polycarboxylate cement One basic function of ________ is to protect the pulp from the pressures exerted on the tooth during amalgam condensing - Answer- reinforcers In difficult access areas such as line angles and undercuts, what is often used to help create a defect-free composite to tooth interface? - Answer- flowable composite When using either a cavity varnish or dentin adhesive, you should apply them BEFORE placing any zinc phosphate cement - Answer- True What is formed from the junction of TWO walls within a cavity prep, or of one wall and the cavosurface margin? - Answer- a line angle The retention of any prime/bond agent (resin) material to the composite layer depends on - Answer- chemical bonds __________ is the actual movement of the instrument - Answer- Activation How many EFDA's are permitted to practice at any given time, with each DDS? - Answer- two Acid etch removes the _______ layer prior to resin placement - Answer- smear The air inhibited layer provides a chemical bond between filled and unfilled resins - Answer- True A _______ is any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth - Answer- ridge A right handed operator would function best in the ________ position? - Answer- 8 to 12 o'clock What is the part of the clamp that expands to fit over a tooth? - Answer- jaw If you are using zinc phosphate cement base, it is NOT necessary to use a varnish (or another non irritating liner) between the zinc phosphate cement and the dentin because there is no adverse effects related to zinc phosphate - Answer- False zinc phosphate is heat releasing, therefore it is irritating to the pulp The junction of THREE walls within a cavity prep is - Answer- a point angle The combination of ________ and ________ results in what is called the Gamma 2 phase - Answer- tin and mercury What is it specifically that brings mercury to the surface during the finishing process, and causes a dull surface that is more susceptible to corrosion? - Answer- heat Position the facial jaw of the rubber dam ____ mm gingival to the proposed gingival margin of the preparation? - Answer- .5 to 1 mm Erosion is thought to be due to a chemical process - Answer- True Put the FOUR materials in the body in order from hardest to softest - Answer- enamel, dentin, bone, cementum Any material placed as a THICK layer between the restorative material and the dentin may be referred to as a ______. - Answer- base What is NOT a characteristic of glass ionomer? - Answer- causes extreme sensitivity to cold or hot The prism-less enamel present in the teeth of the elderly causes us to need to leave the etchant in place for a longer time than would be normal - Answer- False An acceptable thickness of calcium hydroxide is about .5mm - Answer- True For a restoration that is about 1mm in dentin but more than 2mm from the pulp, we would need to stimulate the pulp to form a layer of secondary dentin to increase thickness of the dentin between the pulp and the amalgam by applying a layer of Dycal - Answer- False dentin must be less than .5mm Delegate duties for a certified AND registered EFDA in the state of Ohio include all the basic duties assigned to a BQP. Additional duties include placement of _______ under the direct supervision of a licensed DDS - Answer- metallic restorations, non-metallic restorations, and sealants On a large complex amalgam restoration, what is the rule for placing a pin? - Answer- one pin for each missing cusp replaced The layer that is made up of loosely bonded gel-like mixture of organic and inorganic dentinal cutting debris, salivary proteins, intra-oral bacteria and assorted plaque debris is called the - Answer- smear layer Moisture contamination of the amalgam results in excessive delayed expansion of the alloy - Answer- True When using a rubber dam to restore #14, what teeth should be exposed? - Answer- 12, 13, 14, 15 What type of bond exists between the tooth and prime/bond agent? - Answer- mechanical The enamel is thickest at the incisal third causing it to be ______ translucent than the rest of the tooth - Answer- more Using the Federation Dentaire International System for numbering, what tooth is 38? - Answer- mandibular left third molar When resin or bonding agent flows into micropores that were created by the acid etch procedure, resin tags are formed and when cured, chemically lock into the tooth like parts of a jig-saw puzzle - Answer- False mechanically Carious lesions located on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that ALSO involve the incisal edge are - Answer- Class IV While working on the mandibular arch, the patient's position in the chair should be adjusted until he is angled _______ to the floor? - Answer- 25-45 degrees Which embrasure acts as a spillway to direct the flow of food off the biting surface? - Answer- occlusal embrasure The correct sequence of placement for a near pulp exposure is - Answer- calcium hydroxide, ZOE, varnish ________ are used to condense or adapt amalgams, composite resins, and temporary filling materials into cavity preparations - Answer- compactors Because of its exothermic (heat releasing) properties, it is necessary to mix Dycal on a cool glass slab - Answer- False zinc phosphate As a general guideline, pins are placed entirely within dentin at a depth of ___ into dentin and extend ___ out of dentin to aid in the retention of the large amalgam - Answer- 2mm/2mm Teeth are identified by their location and name. Give the order in which they are named - Answer- Arch, quadrant, name What prep type is typically used when it is a minimal depth restoration (not expected to extend into the dentin)? - Answer- modified Once a CDA has taken a board approved sealant course, how many sealants must her/his DDS personally supervise before he/she is permitted to apply sealants under direct supervision? - Answer- six When using a rubber dam punch, a size 2 hole would be used for which tooth? - Answer- mandibular incisors, maxillary laterals What is the percentage of copper in a low and high (in that order) copper alloy? - Answer- 9% low/12-30% high What instruments can be used to invert the rubber dam? - Answer- T-ball burnisher or a