Predisposing factors of dehydration correct answers Alcohol consumption
Medications
High BMI/low fitness level
Inadequate diet
Improper clothing
Medical conditions
Age
Fatigue/lack of sleep
Improper acclimatization
Signs and symptoms of dehydration correct answers Fatigue
Heada...
FMTB-W BLOCK 2 (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
Predisposing factors of dehydration correct answers Alcohol consumption Medications High BMI/low fitness level Inadequate diet Improper clothing Medical conditions Age Fatigue/lack of sleep Improper acclimatization
Signs and symptoms of dehydration correct answers Fatigue Headache Decreased heat tolerance Cognitive deterioration Reduction in strength and physical capacity Decreased turgor
Increased heart rate and breathing
Severe dehydration correct answers Weak, rapid pulse Cold hands or feet Hypotension
Dysuria Lethargy
Cyanotic lips
Hydration during activities correct answers 1 qt per hour, no more than 1.5 liters per hour
Hyponatremia correct answers Low sodium level in the blood Disturbs the osmotic balance and can cause a rapid influx of water into the brain
Causes of hyponatremia correct answers Excessive water intake Loss of sodium in sweat
S/sx hyponatremia correct answers Headache Malaise Nausea Confusion
Seizures Coma Permanent brain damage Death
Risk factors of hyponatremia correct answers Exercise duration of greater than 4 hours Low body weight Overhydration
NSAID use Extreme hot or cold conditions
Treatment of hyponatremia correct answers Place in upright position Tacevac ONLY TREATED BY AN MO
Mild dehydration treatment correct answers Oral hydration (if tolerable)
Moderate to severe hydration treatment correct answers IV fluid replacement never over hydrate 3L of fluid
Normal temperature range correct answers 97.6-99.6
Hypothalamus correct answers Regulates the body's core temperature, can tell the body to conserve heat or dissipate heat by increasing RR, cardiac output, vasodilation and perspiration.
Predisposing factors of heat casualty correct answers Age Physical fitness PREVIOUS HISTORY OF HEAT INJURY Skin trauma Sunburn
Heat rash Windburn Dermatologic disease
Does a heat injury cause permanent damage to the hypothalamus? correct answers Yes
Predisposing illnesses of heat injury correct answers Cold
Fever Vomiting
Diarrhea
Heat cramps correct answers Short term, painful muscle contractions Frequently seen in the calf muscles and voluntary muscles of the abdomen and extremities
Causes of heat cramps correct answers Prolonged physical activity in heat Muscle fatigue Body water loss Sodium loss
S/sx of heat cramps correct answers Muscle cramps and tenderness Skin is usually moist, pale, and warm Normal or slightly elevated core temp Treatment of heat cramps correct answers Rest in cool environment Prolonged stretching Consume PO fluids and sodium
Heat exhaustion correct answers Most common form of heat related disorder Systemic reaction to prolonged heat exposure
Cause of heat exhaustion correct answers Cardiac output is insufficient to support the increased circulatory load caused by competing blood flow, reduced plasma volume, sweat induced depletion of salt and water
S/sx of heat exhaustion correct answers MOIST PALE AND CLAMMY RECTAL TEMP BELOW 104 (99.7-103.9)
Treatment of heat exhaustion correct answers Move to a cool location Loosen or remove clothing Asses vitals Oral rehydration, IV if unconscious Active cooling Transport of pt doesn't recover or is unconscious
Heat stroke correct answers TRUE MEDICAL EMERGENCY CAN CAUSE IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE AND DEATH
Cause of heat stroke correct answers Hypothalamus failure
S/sx correct answers Core temp 104 ⬆️
Change in mental status Dry, red, hot skin
Classic heat stroke correct answers Children, elderly, and sick Dry, red, hot skin
Exertional heat stroke correct answers Typically seen in men 15-45 Poor physical fitness Hot humid environment Involved in short term, strenuous activity Lack of acclimatization
Sweat soaked and pale skin at time of collapse correct answers Exertional heat stroke
Treatment of heat stroke correct answers Remove patient from heat Immediately begin active cooling Stop active cooling when core rectal temp reaches 102.2 F Maintain ABCs Monitor core temp every 5-10 mins
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