Psych 100-Exam 1 UWL Questions With Verified Answers

Socrates & Plato thought? - Answer The mind and body are separate, the mind exists after death, we are born with instincts Aristotle thought - Answer Denied the existence of innate ideas, knowledge grows from experience, mind and body are not separable Order of philosophers? - Answer Socrates-Plato; Plato-Aristotle Monism - Answer There exists only one substance (all physical) Dualism - Answer Physical substance is separable from mental or spirit substance (existence of a soul) Rene Descartes - Answer Dualist, agreed with Socrates and Plato. First model of communication between the mind and body. "I think therefore I am" (can't trust your senses, but if you think about yourself, a "you" must exist) John Locke - Answer Rejected ideas of Descartes, blank slate at birth, knowledge originates in experience, encouraged formal teaching Wihelm Wundt - Answer 1st psych laboratory in Germany, founded experimental(cognitive) psycho. Tested reaction time, interested in brain work William Jasmes - Answer Father of American psychology. Studied functions of the mind (functionalism) Modern Psychology is... - Answer developed from biology and philosophy Behaviorism (who and what) - Answer Who: John Watson and B.F. Skinner What: Psych is the study of observable behaviors Cognitive revolution: - Answer Psych again interested in mental processes The science of behavior and mental processes Main Fields of Contemporary Psychology - Answer biological cognitive developmental personality social Goal of science is to... - Answer Describe, predict and explain Scientific Process: - Answer Consider Observations Develop Theories Develop Hypotheses Test Hypotheses Consider Observations Naturalistic Observation - Answer observation of behavior in the natural environment describing behavior (no explanation) Case Studies - Answer Intense studies of single individual or group, cases are usually atypical Surveys - Answer collect shallow data from large samples. (results can be influenced by question wording and sample bias) Correlational.... - Answer does not imply causation Directionality problem - Answer which factor influences the other Third variable problem - Answer could be another factor at play, a variable that was not measured. Illusory correlations - Answer seeing meaningful patterns in random data (ex. superstitions) Experimentation does what? - Answer rules out alternative explanations by controlling other variables Random Selection - Answer Ensures a sample that is representative of the population Random Assignment - Answer Assign people to get different treatment. Ensures that groups are equal on as many dimensions as possible. Critical to an experiment--w/o experiment in invalid! Neuron - Answer Individual nerve cell Nerve - Answer Collection of neurons Soma - Answer contains nucleus and provides for the life processes of the cell.