CERI Latest 2023 Graded A+

CERI Latest 2023 Graded A+ Domains of Language pragmatics phonology orthography semantics syntax morphology Pragmatics Social use of language; how language is used to achieve goals Characteristics of Pragmatics 1. formal/informal discourse: context, intent of speaker, speaking/writing 2. figurative language: phrases that don't use exact meaning of words such as idioms, metaphors 3. tone and context of use: ability to interpret sarcasm, humor, etc Pragmatic Awareness 1. Focus on usage: what to say, how to say it under different circumstances - comes through experience 2. word usage in different situations Phonology sound structure of language, how sounds operate - Kinesthetic components: clapping, touching arm, moving counters Orthography refers to patterns of written language; how words are spelled letter symbol that represents speech sounds grapheme specific letter or group of letters that represent a specific speech sound Semantics meaning conveyed by language, either written or spoken what a word means in a sentence Semantic Details 1. Synonyms 2. Antonyms 3. Multiple Meanings Syntax Grammatical structure of language Syntactic Details 1. Word Order 2. Sentence Structure 3. Parts of Speech Morphology Refers to the way words are structured and related to one another 1. grammatical endings 2. affixes 3. roots Dyslexia -specific learning disability, neurological in order -characterized by: accurate/fluent word recognition, poor spelling/decoding abilities -often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities Dyslexia consequences problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience can impede vocabulary growth and background knowledge Formative Assessment a wide range of formal and informal tests and assessment procedures used to modify instruction to meet student's needs Summative Assessment tests and assessment procedures that summarize what a student has learned at some point in time (STAAR, Unit exams, EOY exams Validity the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to Score Reliability test score reliability is the consistency with which scores on a measurement instrument measure an underlying construct which is a trait, ability or behavior Absence-of-Bias a measurement should: not be offensive not be unfair to a gender, ethnicity, or any other characteristic Mean average score Standard Deviation tells us how variable scores are from the mean percentile scores compare raw scores from an individual to a national group that matches the individual in age or grade and range from 1 to 99 Standard scores obtained from raw scores and make scores uniform across groups IQ Standard scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 Bell curve shows normal distribution of scores of a population Spelling Development Semi-Phonetic Phonetic Conventional Semi-Phonetic Stage 1. spelling attempts connected to level of syllable 2. strong use of initial/salient consonants 3. left to right progression is present 4. space between words often missing Phonetic Stage 1. every sound of word is represented 2. spelling lacks understanding of spelling conventions 3. odd but linguistically understandable spelling choices may be observed 4. heightened sense of letter pattern emerges Conventional Stage words that are spelled according to the traditional conventions of spelling Grammar and Sentence structure relates to: syntax Executive Functions: ability to direct or regulate focus on the planning, carrying out and completion of day-to-day or long-term activities Student with an overall reading score measured at 34th percentile student is: at some risk Min Fluency for EOY 3rd grader at 50th percentile: 107 wcpm Compound Sentences: Use FANBOYS Complex Sentences 2 clauses, joined by a subordinating conjunction Coordinating Conjunctions: used to make 2 compound subjects, predicates, sentences FANBOYS Subordinating Conjunctions: used for complex sentence construction because, if, as if, while, when Dependent Clause cannot stand alone begins with a subordinating conjunction criterion measures give us an idea of individual's knowledge and skills of a certain domain curriculum measures gives an idea of the student's knowledge of curriculum that has been taught criterion and curriculum measures focus on gleaning information to drive instruction, can be formal or informal screening tests brief instruments usually given to whole classes to identify students who are "at risk" for any given school progress monitoring scientifically based practice that assesses students' academic performance and evaluates the effectiveness of instruction achievement tests measure an individual's academic knowledge or skills at a given age or grade level -scores are standardized measures with a national group raw scores number of items answered correctly derived scores give meaning to raw scores -standard scores/scaled scores -percentiles -normal curve equivalent (NCE) -age/grade equivalent 70 & Below far below average 70-79 borderline/moderately low 80-89 below average 90-110 average 111-120 high average 121-130 superior 130+ very superior Percentile scores show order ranking of a child's score in a random sampling of 100 students in the norm group of the same age/grade NCE normal curve equivalent used on SAT useful for statistical analysis Examples of Executive Functions 1. organize thoughts and activitites 2. prioritize tasks 3. manage time efficiently 4. make decisions A student has a processing speed deficit, what would be a helpful adaptation? provide wait time for the student to answer Student with a working memory deficit will experience difficulty with making inferences which displays a difficulty with phonology? spit for split which displays a difficulty with morphology? jumpt for jumped the rime is... the vowel and what comes after it in a syllable An example of specific feedback "Look at the last word and tell me the syllable type" What is true of spelling? A proficient speller has an adequate orthographic memory Which domain deals with the use of language? pragmatics Which word is of Latin origin? spectacle When 2 vowels go walking, the first one does the talking what percent of the time? 45% Tier II instruction is... based on data, with students exiting when reaching target goals What percent of 4th graders can read at or above proficient levels of reading? 35% Which statement is true about dyslexia? it is unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities Which profile best represents dyslexia? profile 2 How many phonemes in applauds? 6 morpheme smallest unit of language that conveys meaning - base words, roots, affixes unbound/free morpheme stands alone bound morpheme must be attached to other morphemes syllable linguistic speech meaning unit - may or may not carry meaning inflectional morpheme ending that shows tense (-ed, -ing), number (-s, -es), person (-s), possession (-'s) or comparative form (-est, -er) derivational morpheme ending that changes a word from one part of speech to another (-ness, -ly, -ment, -ful) combining forms an alternate name for roots, primarily of Greek origin that combine with other Greek origin roots to form words -joined together and have equal importance to the meaning of the subsequent word (telescope, geometry, phonology, thermometer) Anglo-Saxon Clues 1. short, common, everyday words 2. number 1-1,000 3. basic color words 4. animals - farm, forest, ocean 5. outer body parts 6.GH words - laugh, enough, night 7. CK words 8. short K words 9. initial KN or GN 10. TW - means 2 11. WR - means to twist 12. Digraphs, trigraphs: CH/TCH, DGE, TH, WH 13. Rabbit Rule 14. FLS rule Latin Clues 1. -ular words: means 'having to do with' 2. ct words 3. legal terms 4. tion - FSS Greek Clues ph = (f) science words theater words words related to the olympics Morphemes in Kinder teacher heightens awareness of inflectional endings that denote plurals, possessives and verb tenses Morphemes in 1st and 2nd teach common prefixes and suffixes that frequently occur in reading Morphemes in 3rd grade children can be systematically taught common Latin roots and Greek combining forms