ABAT Study Questions (Taken from Competency Expectations) with 100% Correct Answers.

1. ASD and common characteristics and deficits - ANSWER-Impairment in social interaction & communication, repetitive & stereotyped patterns of interest 2. Autism as a spectrum disorder with a triad of primary impairments - ANSWER- 3. 'Red flags' used in early diagnosis - ANSWER-Not responding to their name by 12 months of age. Not pointing at objects to show interest (point at an airplane flying over) by 14 months. Not playing "pretend" games (pretend to "feed" a doll) by 18 months. Avoiding eye contact and want to be alone. 4. Risk factors to autism spectrum disorder - ANSWER-identical twins have increased chances of both having autism, parents with 1 child with autism have 2-8% chance 2nd child will as well, children born to older parents at higher risk 7. Identify co-morbid disorders associated with ASD - ANSWER-OCD, ADD/ADHD 1. Basic assumptions in behaviorism and behavior modification - ANSWER-Learning is manifested by a change in behavior. The environment shapes behavior. The principles of contiguity (how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process. Secondary/Conditioned reinforcers - ANSWER-reinforcers that we have to LEARN to want/like. Ex. Money, tokens, etc... Primary/ Unconditioned reinforcers - ANSWER-Reinforcers/ things that we are BORN knowing that we want/like. A baby wants primary reinforcement. EX. basic needs, such as food, warmth, water, etc... Types of schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-Fixed Interval- Reinforced after set, unchanging period of time (ex. getting a paycheck every 2 weeks) Fixed Ratio- Reinforced after set, unchanging number of correct responses given (ex. Picking from a treasure box after getting 5 Stickers) Variable Interval: Reinforced after random amount of time (Ex. Looking at the sky every night hoping to see shooting stars, and being reinforced on the random nights when you actually do see one) Variable Ratio: Reinforced after random amount of responses (Gambling) 6. Contingent Reinforcement - ANSWER-Reinforcer always occurs following response, never in absence of response; ex. When asking a question that has stimulus control, (Presenting an SD), the client being reinforced is CONTINGENT on them answering correctly. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) - ANSWER-Reinforcer is always given no matter what the behavior happening is, usually given on a set schedule over time (Fixed Interval), such as providing reinforcement, such as game time, every 10 minutes no matter what happened during the 10 minutes. 7. Terms and definitions of Applied Verbal Behavior (AVB) - ANSWER-When applied, language that has the same form can have different functions. Ex. you may say candy because you want candy (mand), or you may say candy because you see candy (tact) Positive behavior support systems (PBS) - ANSWER-PBS focuses on replacing problem behavior with more appropriate alternatives•Primarily uses antecedent-based interventions and reinforcement to address problem behavior and teach replacement behaviors.